I’m actually shocked at how good this pad is for the price fr
8 for ₦400 and 16 for ₦800... and the gum actually stays put?😭😭😭
I haven't had a single stain.
Just putting the girls on because the big brands are getting way too expensive. 😭
Let's talk about Business Valuation.
Shall we?
Business valuation is figuring out how much a business is worth.
It’s like putting a price on a shop by looking at how much money it makes and what it owns.
So, if someone wants to buy it, they know how much to pay.
There are many possible methods for Business Valuation, but for this short lecture series, I will be using P/E ratios
Now, let us see how this works.
The examiner has told you that P/E ratios is 7:1
You have to translate this to P/E = 7/1; that way, you can cross-multiply to find the value of P, which would be P = 7E
I PITY THOSE OF YOU AT THE BACK IF YOU LIKE LISTEN (😀😀😆).
The examiner wants to give you further problems, so they decided to withdraw some information from you.
You are told the current share price N2.14 and no information about earnings or EPS. However, you are given the Earnings Yield as 6.17%.
Using the Earnings Yield information, you can determine the Earnings as follows:
EY = EPS / Share price
14.29% = EPS / 2.14
EPS = 14.29% * 2.14 = 0.31 (approx.)
Now you have your earnings per share, which can be used in the P/E ratio (re-stated earlier)
P = 7E
P = 7 * 0.31
P = 2.17
Since P represents the price per unit of shares, you can consider the total value of the company by multiplying the total number of shares by the price per unit of shares.
If the number of shares wasn't given
for example,
Ord Shares (10kobo nominal value per share) N5,000
The number of shares will be 5,000 / 0.1 = 50,000
Therefore, the total value of the company will be:
50,000 * 2.17 = N108,500
SIMPLE HACK
There is an inverse relationship between Earnings Yield and P/E ratios. If EY is not given, you can determine this as follow:
1 / P/E
Here:
1 / 7 = 0.1428 (0.1429 approx)
I woke up today thanking God for the life of everyone writing ICAN in this era..
I know that for someone of you, you enjoy pressure so you don't start prep on time.
When ICAN was fail one, fail all and you don't have a choice, you must write all papers at each level, I am sure you will try this tactics.
As much as we must people complain that ICAN is difficult, there is now a lot of flexibility.
If you are not chasing LinkedIn moments, you can write the number of papers at each diet you can comfortably pass.
It is also not compulsory, you write all your ICAN papers under 18 months.
There are those who take 3 to 4 years to complete it, as long as they are gaining practical work experience along the way.
A senior audit associate writing Skills level exams is not on the same level with a year 3 University student writing Professional.
Own your journey, and make it make sense to you only.
Capital Structure is such an interesting topic but I have seen a lot of students struggling with understanding what it is.
Many focus on the concept of UNGEAR and REGEAR leaving out the general understanding of Capital Structure and its' application, for example DETERMINATION OF PROJECT SPECIFIC COST OF CAPITAL.
The idea of Capital Structure is that a company will use a combination of Equity and Debt to run the business. From the Financial Reporting point of view, ACCOUNTING EQUATION expresses the company's financial position as ASSETS = CAPITAL + LIABILITIES. Therefore, Assets - Liabilities = Capital. Where Assets - Liabilities = Net Assets, we can now say Net Assets = Capital
You know BETA ASSET (Ba) , BETA EQUITY (Be) & BETA DEBT (Bd) and basis on your understanding of Accounting Equation, this should be mathematically expressed as Ba = Be + Bd
Now that takes us to the formula, you have always wanted to cram.
Ba =[ Ve / Ve + Vd(1 - T) * Be] + [Vd(1 - T) / Ve + Vd(1 - T) *Bd]
If we are to simply this:
The Total Value of Capital in a Company = Ve + Vd (1 - T)
The fractional value of Equity will be Ve / Ve + Vd(1 - T)
Apply the Equity Beta to this, that is (Ve / Ve + Vd (1 - T)) * Be
This gives you the fractional value for Asset Beta (Ba) that represents Equity held in the company.
Apply this thought-process to Debt Beta as well.
You don't need to cram the formula if you understand what each of the elements mean and they work together.
Nah everything we learn for social studies dey happen now
Inadequate funds
High cost of living
Increase in crime rate
Political instability
Poor infrastructure
Over population