These authors wanted to know whether mothers face discrimination in hiring, even when they are equally qualified as other applicants.
So they ran two experiments.
First, a lab experiment: participants evaluated pairs of identical job applicants who differed only in parental status.
Then, a real-world audit study: they sent 1,200+ job applications to real employers for entry- and mid-level jobs.
They randomized whether applicants were:
– Mothers (based on serving on the PTA)
– Childless women (they were listed as volunteering in a non-parent specific role)
– Fathers (based on serving on the PTA)
– Childless men (they were listed as volunteering in a non-parent specific role)
All applicants had identical qualifications.
Then they tracked evaluations, salary recommendations, and employer callbacks.
They found that:
Mothers were rated as less competent and less committed than equally qualified childless women.
Mothers were held to stricter standards, offered lower salaries, and were far less likely to be hired or promoted.
In the field experiment, real employers called back childless women at more than twice the rate of mothers.
Fathers, by contrast, faced no penalty and sometimes received a bonus.
Bottom line:
The “motherhood penalty” is real, causal, and driven by discrimination, not differences in ability.
As the authors put it:
“Giving evidence of being a mother leads to discrimination against mothers in hiring and pay.”
Been thinking about this quote while reading some of the reactions to Pope Leo XIV's apostolic exhortation "Dilexi te." It's from Servant of God Dom Hélder Câmara, who served as Archbishop of Olinda and Recife, in Brazil.
For the fourth time in eight days, Pope Leo takes direct aim at Donald Trump's abuse of migrants in the United States.
He calls immigrants to the United States “witnesses of hope” and encourages Catholics to do all we can to welcome them.
Harper Murray didn’t agree with Charlie Kirk’s politics and didn’t feel his beliefs had her best interests and her life in mind. That’s her right.
And now grown men are attacking her, shaming her, and calling for her career to be over. Kinda ironic, no? Argue with me instead.
TL;DR
Congressman Derrick Van Orden is a national embarrassment and the people of Western Wisconsin deserve so much better.
@CookPolitical moved this seat from a Lean R to a Toss Up. We can flip #WI03!
Help us do it, support @RebeccaforWI
https://t.co/BOo67aAEX8
I’ve been thinking all day about this Kohberger plea deal and people’s reactions to it. A lot of people have said they’re upset because now he never has to explain why he did it. But even if he went to trial, he wouldn’t be required to say a word.