We have learned about the Hierarchy of Needs by Abraham Maslow. There are 5 levels of needs, at the bottom lies the Physiological needs, next to it is Security and safety, then Social needs, and then Esteem needs and lastly, Self-Actualization Needs.
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In this lesson, we talked about Operant and Classical Conditioning, wherein Operant Conditioning is all about reward and punishment that modifies the behavior of an individual.
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In a classroom setting, we could use either Positive Reinforcements or Negative Reinforcements in order for the students to be motivated and actions that are given punishment will less likely happen again.
Overall, these stages are all part of the development of an individual, every individual passes by these stages. Each stage presents a conflict that needs to be resolved.
Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust
Stage 2: Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
Stage 4: Industry vs. inferiority
Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair
In this lesson, I learned about the Ecological Theory by Urie Bronfenbrenner in which it presents or conveys that the environment where the child grows up affects their development.
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And under the conventional level, there are 3 stages, the Social Approval, Law and Order, and Social Contract. Lastly, the Postconventional level, under it is the Universal Principle.
We have discussed the Stages of Moral Development and Socio-Cultural Theory. Lawrence Kohlberg authored the stages of moral development, in which it consists of three levels, the Preconventional Level, Conventional Level and the Postconventional Level.
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Lastly, the Formal-operational Stage where an individual is able to think logically and is able to hypothesize, one of the indicators in this stage is Deductive Reasoning.
In our lesson about Cognitive Development Stages, the indicators that say that we are in that cognitive stage of development already got my interest.
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