The conflict between Thailand and Cambodia must not be allowed to spiral further.
That’s why the ceasefire needs to be immediately restored.
I will continue to engage to help get out of the escalation cycle.
The EU can offer satellite imagery for ceasefire monitoring.
This is the message I conveyed to Foreign Ministers of Thailand and Cambodia when I spoke to them this morning.
In 1941, Thailand invaded Cambodia and later declared war on the United States and the United Kingdom.¹
In 2025, Thai accusations that Cambodian soldiers fired across the border are again being used to justify an ongoing Thai invasion of Cambodia. Similar claims formed the basis of Thailand’s 1941 invasion of Cambodia. Then, as now, Thailand’s military action was intended to annex Cambodian territory.
Despite full knowledge of Japan’s genocidal conduct in China, including the 1937 Nanjing Massacre in which approximately 200,000 civilians and prisoners of war were killed, Thailand entered into a treaty with Japan on June 12, 1940.² This agreement laid the groundwork for Japan’s subsequent occupation of French Indochina and British Malaya.
After ratifying the treaty, Thailand invaded Cambodia and Laos in January 1941, claiming that French colonial forces in Cambodia had fired across the border into the Thai town of Aranyaprathet. In reality, Thailand had been preparing for invasion for months.³ Within weeks, Thailand forcibly annexed northern Cambodian provinces and western Lao territories.⁴
In December 1941, Thailand and Japan concluded a further agreement providing for mutual military support, with Japan explicitly backing Thailand’s territorial claims covering annexed areas of Cambodia, Laos, Malaya, and Burma.⁵ This agreement secured Thailand’s role as a logistics hub and staging ground for Japan’s conquest of British Malaya and Burma between 1941 and 1942.⁶
In July 1943, Japan rewarded Thailand for its cooperation by transferring to it six provinces of British Malaya and Burma.⁷
During this period, Thailand facilitated and materially benefited from Japan’s use of forced labor to construct the Burma Railway, linking Bangkok to Yangon.⁸ Among the enslaved laborers were 30,131 British and 686 American prisoners of war. Of these, 6,904 British and 131 Americans died as a result of brutal working conditions.⁹
Following the Allied victory in World War II, Thailand was compelled to relinquish all territories it had annexed in Cambodia, Laos, Malaya, and Burma. Britain initially sought punitive measures, including extended occupation of Thailand and potential control over the Thai Isthmus.¹⁰ The United States, however, opposed harsh postwar treatment, arguing that severe demands would destabilize Thailand and the wider region.¹¹
As a result, Thailand faced limited accountability for its wartime territorial aggression.
Now, in 2025, with little apparent collective memory of the consequences of its earlier irredentist ambitions, Thailand is once again invading Cambodia.
References
1Thai declaration of war: https://t.co/SYdY3KWeeA
2Text of the 1940 Japan–Thailand treaty: https://t.co/dLjnVCakvR
3Background to the Franco-Thai conflict: https://t.co/VrnXDtJg1l
4Franco-Thai War overview: https://t.co/XYE5UfMtht
5Text of the 1941 Japan–Thailand agreement: https://t.co/ozpNCZXVbx
6Japanese conquest of British Malaya: https://t.co/LQJz8zsKI1
71943 Japanese award of Malayan and Burmese provinces: https://t.co/eOWdJe3auS
8Burma Railway construction: https://t.co/63L1cStfBw
9POW deaths on the Burma Railway: https://t.co/viMqN31tQI
10British postwar plans for Thailand: https://t.co/Yim2AGPiZa
11U.S. policy on postwar stabilization of Thailand: https://t.co/HFBCTQuP0B
Cambodia Keeps the Peace, Thailand Fans the Flames
[Op-Ed] Thailand is waging a dangerous campaign of border provocations and lies, threatening to unravel a ceasefire that Cambodia alone has worked tirelessly to uphold. While our nation has chosen pea
https://t.co/8aRDvArKWn
The Explosive Ordnance Disposal expert team has identified nine recent MK-84 bombing locations with four exploded bomb craters and five unexploded bomb holes dropped by the Thai Air Force, says the Cambodian Mines Action Center (CMAC). The center called on international bomb experts and those who question the discovery to inspect the sites.
Read the story: https://t.co/jym8jUv9r0
"I am pleased to announce that...both countries have reached a ceasefire and peace. By ending this war, we have saved thousands of lives," said President Trump.
https://t.co/ZgZfyGptFK
In violation of the ceasefire & in act of cowardice Thai soldiers captured 18 Cambodian soldiers (1 escaped, 2 likely killed) during what Cambodian soldiers thought was a friendly handshake.
Cambodia told foreign delegation observing ceasefire at border today.
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Minister of Labour and Vocational Training Heng Sour has presented disturbing images and accounts of violence committed against Cambodian migrant workers living in Thailand by “Tha
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Lawmaker calls for release of captured soldiers
Cambodia has asked for the release of a group of nearly 20 soldiers who taken prisoner by Thai soldiers on July 29, hours after the ceasefire began. Officials said they were remaining calm, to respect th
https://t.co/jia4ixT5zf
-A Cambodian military commander says Thailand breached the ceasefire twice.
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-After the ceasefire was in effect, 20 Cambodian soldiers were captured.
-Cambodia is demanding their immediate release.
-Thailand is reportedly treating the captured soldiers well.
-The Malaysian military attaché is now involved in efforts to secure their return.
-Photos shared by Cambodia show the soldiers appear to be in good health.
"These children have already lost so much, but their future must not be lost." – said UNICEF Representative in #Cambodia, Dr Will Parks, on the ground with UNICEF teams to deliver life-saving supplies at a site in the Preah Vihear Province.
#ForEveryChild, Peace and Protection.
Manet: Non-disclosure of information regarding captured Cambodian soldiers ‘for their own safety’
The non-disclosure of information about the capture of Cambodian soldiers prioritised their safety, according to the government. The lives of the armed f
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