This is one of the greatest lessons in the history of literature.
A goddess offered a man eternal life, eternal youth, and paradise forever. He turned it down...
The goddess was Calypso. The island was Ogygia, which the painters of the nineteenth century imagined in far richer colour than Nolan's film does. Odysseus had washed up there alone, the only one of his crew to survive. She took him in, and she loved him, and she offered him the one thing no human being has ever been given. She says it herself:
"Him I welcomed kindly and gave him food, and said that I would make him immortal and ageless all his days."
No death, no old age, no end at all, on an island of springs and meadows and heavy vines, with a goddess who wanted him to stay.
He spent seven years there crying...
"Him she found sitting on the shore, and his eyes were never dry of tears, and his sweet life was ebbing away, as he longed mournfully for his return... he would look over the unresting sea, shedding tears."
When Zeus finally orders his release, Calypso makes one last attempt. She warns him what is waiting if he goes: more sea, more suffering, more years of it. And then she says the quiet part out loud:
"...thou wouldest abide here and keep this house with me, and wouldest be immortal, for all thy desire to see thy wife for whom thou longest day by day. Surely not inferior to her do I declare myself to be either in form or stature."
Odysseus answers:
"Mighty goddess, be not wroth with me for this. I know full well of myself that wise Penelope is meaner to look upon than thou in comeliness and in stature, for she is a mortal, while thou art immortal and ageless. But even so I wish and long day by day to reach my home, and to see the day of my return."
Notice that he does not argue. He gives her every point. She is more beautiful. She will never age. His wife is mortal, and lesser, and he says it to her face.
And then he says he wants to go home anyway...
The whole thing is in three words: but even so. He is not claiming that Penelope is the finest woman in the world. He is saying that it does not matter, that there is something in us which does not answer to comparison, and which no better offer can reach.
He chose the woman who would grow old. He chose a life with an ending. He chose to return to Ithaca. Because forever, spent somewhere that was never yours, is only time...
One of the most important (and overlooked) scenes in the Odyssey is the encounter with the Lotus-eaters.
After nine days at sea, Odysseus and his men finally reach dry land. They go ashore to collect water, and Odysseus sends three men to go explore.
When his men don't return, Odysseus begins to worry.
The men had met some of the islanders (the Lotus-eaters), "who did them no hurt, but gave them to eat of the lotus, which was so delicious that those who ate of it left off caring about home, and did not even want to go back".
Odysseus ends up having to drag his men back to the ships and quickly sail away.
One must understand the symbolic power of the lotus. Its danger is not in any physical threat. The lotus is so deadly because it overloads you with pleasure, taking away all sense of urgency.
In this state of pleasure and relaxation, you forget your mission and your purpose. The men who ate the lotus flowers completely forgot about everything of value in their lives: their homes, their families, etc.
It's easy to think the monsters and beasts are the most terrifying threats you face. But because they're so obviously dangerous and remind you that death is a real possibility, they alert you to the value of life, and remind you of why you're fighting. But the real danger is a life so comfortable that you forget what you were trying to do in the first place.
Statistically speaking, it's unlikely you'll ever go to war or die of famine. But it is certainly possible that an addiction to your phone will derail you from your mission. Abundance of food and entertainment is far more likely to destroy you than most physical threats.
Yes, you will encounter plenty of Sirens and Cyclopes in life. But the real threat, which you must fend off every single day, is that of the lotus flower: a delicious indulgence that brings you immediate satisfaction, and makes you forget what you were fighting for.