Avi Wigderson is the only person in history to have won both a Turing Award (computer science) and Abel Prize (math). I interviewed him all about his field. We discussed:
• His intuition on a proof of P vs NP
�� Why we use SAT solvers for most NP problems
• Zero knowledge proofs and their impact
• Quantum computation and implications
• Math and computer science's relationship
Where to watch:
• YouTube: https://t.co/zViqAulFCo
• Spotify: https://t.co/iat08Xob17
• Apple Podcasts: https://t.co/jOYDGtGVnt
• Transcript: https://t.co/k4zS7yOhnw
Thank you to this episode's sponsors for supporting my work:
• WorkOS: makes your app Enterprise Ready with easy to use APIs to add SSO, SCIM, RBAC, and more in just a few lines of code, check them out at https://t.co/y8noBzFEem
Timestamps:
00:00 - Intro
01:08 - P vs NP
14:51 - What if you relaxed correctness
25:38 - Why NP complete problems are equivalent
30:33 - Space vs time complexity
43:06 - Why people use SAT solvers
45:53 - Randomness is a resource
55:48 - Randomness depends on computational power
01:21:20 - Zero knowledge proofs and their significance
01:38:30 - Quantum computation and why it matters
01:56:24 - Math vs computer science
02:08:16 - Major breakthroughs and his experience
02:12:31 - Advice for his younger self
02:14:48 - Outro
Today, among the goods that are universally intended for everyone, we must also include new forms of property, such as patents, algorithms, digital platforms, technological infrastructure and data. In a context where the wealth of nations depends increasingly on knowledge and technology, when these goods remain concentrated in the hands of a few, without adequate forms of sharing and access, a new imbalance is created that contradicts the universal destination of goods. In turn, it widens the gap between the included and the excluded, between those who can participate in the digital revolution and those who remain on the margins. #MagnificaHumanitas
My wife mentioned a nice private school over dinner this week
She said the campus was beautiful
I asked what's the tuition
She said we should look at it as an investment in him not a cost
I made a note
She said don't make a note
I said I always make notes
She said this isn't a deal
I said everything is a deal
She closed her eyes
She said we'd discuss it Saturday
I agreed
Saturday 7:02am
She came downstairs in her Saturday robe
Coffee in hand
I had my cargo shorts on
The dining room had been cleared
The projector was on
The analyst was at the head of the table
Quarter zip on, three iced coffees, a legal pad, and two laptops
He had been there since 6:44am
I texted him at 11:14pm Friday
The text said dining room 6:45am bring the model
He sent a thumbs up
My wife stopped in the doorway
She said what is this
I said you said you wanted to discuss it
She said this is not a discussion
I did not respond
She sat down anyway
The analyst stood
He said good morning ma'am
She did not respond
He sat back down
A printed deck in front of each seat
A fourth copy in case
Slide 1 Tuition Schedule
$38,500 per year
Thirteen years
$500,500 nominal
Before escalators
The school has raised tuition 4.2% per year for a decade
With escalators $648,000
My wife said okay
I said I'm not done
Slide 2 Opportunity Cost
Even before escalators
$38,500 invested annually
10% nominal return
S&P long-run average since 1928
By his eighteenth birthday $944,000
My wife said we can afford it
I said I know that's not the slide
Slide 3 Terminal Value at Age 65
$83 million
She was quiet
The analyst slid the sensitivity tables across the table
8% return $31 million
10% return $83 million
12% return $222 million
She did not look
She said this isn't about money
I said it's always about money
She said no it isn't
I said then what is it about
She did not answer
She said you can't put a dollar value on his teachers his classmates his environment
I said I can the analyst already did slide 6
He flipped to slide 6
She did not look
She said the school is the best in the city
I said best is a feeling
She said it produces the best students
I said the students were already the best before they got there
She said our son deserves it
I said our son deserves $83 million
My son walked in
He is five
Dinosaur pajamas
He looked at the projector
He looked at the open deck on the table
He looked at slide 3
He said are we modeling pre-tax or after-tax
The analyst opened a new tab
My wife looked at the ceiling
He said what's the discount rate
The analyst set down his pen
She closed her eyes
He said is this the same return assumption from the 529 conversation
The analyst stopped typing
He looked at me
I did not say anything
She stood up
Sat back down
He said dad can I help
I said yes
He pulled up a chair
The analyst handed him a printout
He started reading
My wife watched him read
She watched him for a long time
She said his name
He looked up
She said do you like school
He said the work is too easy and the kids don't ask questions
She did not respond
She looked at the ceiling
She walked out of the room
The analyst started packing up
He said should I follow up Monday sir
I said no follow up needed
He'll be fine
Sent from my iPhone
I have been refining my thinking about Bitcoin's architecture. Bitcoin appears to behave like a physical system in the technical sense.
Specifically, it behaves like a gyroscope with:
▫️Fixed precession frequency (10-minute blocktime)
▫️Inertia control (difficulty)
▫️Torque halving mechanism (halving schedule)
I have some more work to do, but this framework seems to explain all of Bitcoin's behavior from first principles. These are dynamic systems in different domains, but I think that is actually the point.
They both share the same math, architecture, and universal principles. They appear to share the same topology.
We should federally tax Tokens at the Provider level.
Not a lot. Less than 50c per million tokens.
It will accomplish 4 things (at least )
1. It will push the big AI players to optimize tokenization, caching , routing and localization
Which will
2. Reduce energy usage. Saving them in energy costs more than what they paid in tax and reducing strain created by the growth in energy consumption
Which will
3. Generate maybe 10 billion dollars a year to start, but over the next ten years could grow 30x to 100x
Which will
4. Create a source of funding to pay down the federal debt or deploy, in response to the things AI brings that we don’t expect or don’t like
At some point the models will pass it on to customers. Of course. That’s ok. Customers will have the ability to choose between providers. Or to do everything using open source models locally.
Thoughts ?
Meanwhile gold has been falling rapidly as ~ 1/T^5.3 measured against Bitcoin as the denominator; and where T is Bitcoin’s age (not gold’s!) for the past 16 years of price discovery.
You are the long term historical analog guy, Ray, Zoom all the way to 1.6 decades.
Superior Third Millennial monetary technology.
An absolute scientifically precise standard that gold could never be.
Conquers space and time whereas fiat only space and gold only time.
Can move $1 billion across the world in an hour — try final settlement on that with $ € or gold.
Log Bitcoin / gold vs. Log Age chart:
how it feels to accept that reality is just a carbon-based simulation where your infinite consciousness gets to play as a human avatar and remember itself as the creator of all experience despite the inherent limitations of a fragile physical existence
The 20 millionth Bitcoin was mined yesterday. Now there are only one million new Bitcoins to be mined, which will take over 100 years.
Decentralized, inflation-proof, global money.
Life is amazing:
-gyms exist
-Coke Zero exists
-hot girls outnumber even moderately put-together dudes 2000 to 1
-every food item in the world has been hunted and gathered for you (grocery stores)
-you and your wife can drink 4 bottles of wine then smash all night without a condom
-you and your friends can hit the gym then smoke a joint at a John Mayer concert
-you could be working 16 hour days in a coal mine in a third world country breaking your lower back for less than $1
There’s kids who live in wheelchairs. There’s kids born with disabilities. No Prom, no Shoulder Presses, no sleepovers with their best friends staying up until 2AM watching Interstellar.
And you’re not SMASHING the gym like a grateful SAVAGE!? Eating healthy 90% of the time, calling your friends for no reason, CRUSHING it in your career, asking for the promotion, asking out your crush making her your girlfriend then your wife!?
You’re spinning on a sphere in an infinite universe and the fact you’re alive is a 1 in 500 trillion MIRACLE. You’re so lucky it’s absurd and you have nothing to lose :)
One very fast way to catch up to China on this chart is to create a massive tax equity fund that pays for every US homeowner to have their own solar + storage.
1. We would add back 2-3 TWh to the grid and the chart below would quickly look like the US and China were neck and neck.
2. Homeowners no longer have electricity bills.
3. The companies that pay into the tax equity fund are simply paying in a dollar they would otherwise pay in taxes - making it costless for them.
The time has come for this top-down moonshot on domestic energy.
🚨 GOLD AND SILVER BLACK SWAN.
Gold: -15%. Silver: -38%.
In the last 24 hours, $15T+ has been wiped out from Gold and Silver. That's half the GDP of the United States... GONE in ONE DAY.
We just witnessed the first Sigma-10 event in financial history. Mathematically, this shouldn't happen in the lifetime of the entire universe.
The SIMULATION is LITERALLY BREAKING.