Ahmed Hamam

Endocrinology for the public and colleagues :)

[Ahmed Hamam @Hamam_Ed]

Other sources of ectopic ACTH secretion include pancreatic and thymus neuroendocrine tumors.

[Ahmed Hamam @Hamam_Ed]

Patient presented with excessive hair growth and general weakness, he also reports noticing his thighs getting thinner. Hypercortisolism is suspected.
-Serum Cortisol: markedly high
-ACTH: markedly high
-High dose dexamethasone suppression test: -ve
Most likely diagnosis?

[Ahmed Hamam @Hamam_Ed]

The commonest source of ectopic ACTH are the lungs with carcinoid tumors and small cell lung cancer being the leading causes.

[Ahmed Hamam @Hamam_Ed]

7. Factitious thyrotoxicosis (excess dose of levothyroxine)
8. First trimester of pregnancy due to hCG

[Ahmed Hamam @Hamam_Ed]

Diagnosis? Differentials?

[Ahmed Hamam @Hamam_Ed]

1.Graves disease (commonest cause)
2.Toxic goiter (single or multinodular) 3.Drug-induced hyperthyroidism (ex: Amiodarone) 4.Initial phase of thyroiditis (ex: Hashimoto thyroiditis) 5.Iodine excess

[Ahmed Hamam @Hamam_Ed]

Not only that, children with type 1 diabetes where found to consume more fish and bread compared to healthy children who consumed more chicken.

[Ahmed Hamam @Hamam_Ed]

Who doesn’t like ice-cream? If you are one of us ice-cream lovers and planning on getting pregnant soon I have some bad news for you :(

[Ahmed Hamam @Hamam_Ed]

In the study it was found that mothers of type 1 diabetes patients consumed more savoury cakes, pies and ice-creams in their diet in comparison with mothers of controls.

[Ahmed Hamam @Hamam_Ed]

@MunerMohamed1 0.9% normal saline?

[sarah firdausa @sarah_firdausa]

In a simple way, there are two distinct cortisol disorders:
Hypercortisolism & Hypocortisolism

[Ahmed Hamam @Hamam_Ed]

The definitive treatment is adrenalectomy (surgical resection of the tumor)

[Ahmed Hamam @Hamam_Ed]

What is a pheochromocytoma?

[Ahmed Hamam @Hamam_Ed]

It is diagnosed with the presence of excess of catecholamines and metanephrines (their metabolite) in the blood and urine. The diagnosis is confirmed by imaging of the tumor (abdomen and pelvic CT).

[Ahmed Hamam @Hamam_Ed]

Finally, the definitive treatment depends on the cause. In case of an ovarian tumor, surgery is preferred (oophrectomy or hysterectomy).

[Ahmed Hamam @Hamam_Ed]

Hirsutism is the distribution of man patterned body hair in women. It affects about 5-10% of women in the reproductive age.

[Ahmed Hamam @Hamam_Ed]

Management of hirsutism includes weight loss (if overweight), mechanical hair removal (plucking, shaving, waxing,etc), oral contraceptive pills.