A Tesla can be unlocked and driven off in 10 seconds, without the key ever coming near it. All it takes is two cheap radio devices and your phone sitting somewhere out of range.
Why this even works
Tesla's phone-as-a-key and BLE fobs use Bluetooth Low Energy to check proximity. Get close enough, and the car assumes it's really you and unlocks.
That "close enough" check is the entire vulnerability. The system trusts distance, not identity. It never confirms you're actually near the car, just that a signal claiming to be your phone is nearby. Nothing about the encryption gets broken. The car isn't tricked into thinking a stranger is you, it's tricked into thinking you're closer than you actually are.
What the Bluetooth extender actually is
It's a relay device, essentially two small radios working as a pair, sometimes just a laptop and an antenna. One sits near your actual phone, wherever that is, your house, a coffee shop, your back pocket across a parking lot. The other sits next to the car.
The two devices bridge the gap between them in real time, rebroadcasting the Bluetooth handshake back and forth like a tunnel. Your phone thinks it's talking to the car. The car thinks your phone is inches away. Neither side is lying, they're just being routed through a middleman neither of them can see.
NCC Group researcher Sultan Qasim Khan first demonstrated this publicly in 2022 on a Tesla Model Y. Follow-up research has since shown it still works on Teslas with Ultra-Wideband chips, tech that was supposed to fix exactly this, because Tesla isn't using UWB to actually verify proximity before unlocking over Bluetooth.
How to protect yourself if you own one
→ Turn on PIN to Drive. This is the single most effective fix. A relay attack can unlock the door, it cannot guess a PIN. Without it, the car won't shift into drive.
→ Disable Bluetooth on your phone when you're not near the car, especially at home overnight, which is when most relay thefts happen.
→ Use an RFID-blocking sleeve for your physical key card, if you use one. This doesn't help with phone-as-key, only the card.
→ Turn on Sentry Mode, it won't stop the unlock, but it records the attempt and can help recovery or police reports afterward.
None of these close the actual Bluetooth vulnerability itself. PIN to Drive is the one control that makes the vulnerability irrelevant, even if someone does relay their way in, they still can't drive off.
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