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Q: What is the legal definition of a “cartel”? A (Grok): In antitrust and competition law, a cartel is generally defined as an agreement, arrangement, or concerted practice between two or more competing businesses (or independent entities) to restrict or eliminate competition in a market. Common forms include: - Price-fixing - Bid-rigging - Market allocation (e.g., dividing customers or territories) - Output restrictions These practices aim to control prices, supply, or other competitive factors, often to raise profits at the expense of consumers. *United States Law* Under U.S. law, a cartel is a group of independent corporations or entities that join together to fix prices, rig bids, allocate markets, or engage in other similar illegal activities. Such "hardcore" cartel conduct is considered a per se violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act (15 U.S.C. § 1), which prohibits contracts, combinations, or conspiracies in restraint of trade. It can result in severe civil and criminal penalties, including fines and imprisonment.