The Javan rhinoceros, native to Indonesia and Vietnam, is one of the rarest large mammals on Earth. With only around 60 individuals remaining in the wild, it is critically endangered due to habitat loss and poaching for its horn, which is highly valued in traditional medicine. Conservation efforts, including habitat protection and anti-poaching measures, are underway to prevent the extinction of this ancient species. However, the Javan rhino's small population size and fragmented habitat pose significant challenges to its long-term survival, highlighting the urgent need for conservation action.