![Arsenalsgatan's tweet photo. Astrid Lindgren and Ivor Thord-Gray
or we could call it the story of
Pippi longstocking and the mercenary Tarzan
Here colonialism and national socialism mixes in a way that the oligarchy is not dissapointed of at all, controlled opposition at is best, is maybe a understatement.
/Bombadil
The Russians have a very clear view on this, they don't fancy the oligarchy that controlled both the 3d reich project and the bolshevik revolution.
Thord-Gray spent many summers in Furusund in the Stockholm archipelago and was there a neighbor of Astrid Lindgren.
It has often been claimed that Ivor Thord-Gray contributed inspiration to the literary figure of Tarzan
Ivor Thord-Gray , originally Thord Ivar Hallström , born April 17 , 1878 at Södermalm in Stockholm, died August, 1964 in Coral Gables, Florida , was a Swedish-American ethnologist , linguist, adventurer and mercenary...
He participated in 13 different wars and during his lifetime became a British lieutenant colonel, a Russian major general and an American major general.
In 1923, he wrote From Mexico's Antiquity: Among Temple Ruins and God Images , a book on Mexican archaeology.
He became world archery champion in 1927.
In 1955, Thord-Gray wrote the great linguistic work Tarahumara-English Dictionary.
The Tarahumara, or Rarámuri, are an indigenous people in Mexico and Thord-Gray had Tarahumara scouts with him during his time in Mexico.
He described the time in Mexico in his book Gringo Rebel: Mexico 1913–1914 which was published in 1960 in the United States and in 1961 in Sweden as a Gringo among rebels: a Swede in Mexico 1913–1914.
Astrid Lindgren
Lindgren worked as a journalist and secretary before becoming a full-time author.
In the early 1940s, she worked as a secretary for criminalist Harry Söderman; the Norsk biografisk leksikon cites this experience as an inspiration for her fictional detective Bill Bergson.
In 1944, Lindgren won second prize in a competition held by the book publishing company Rabén & Sjögren, with the novel Britt-Marie lättar sitt hjärta (The Confidences of Britt-Marie).
In 1945 she won first prize in the same competition with the chapter book Pippi Långstrump (Pippi Longstocking), which had been rejected by the book publishing company Bonniers.
Wonder why, maybe to close, read as = use a proxy.
Wallenberg-Bonnier is married into each other and business connected on all levels./Bombadil
Rabén & Sjögren published it with illustrations by Ingrid Vang Nyman, the latter's debut in Sweden.
Since then it has become one of the most beloved children's books in the world and has been translated into at least 100 languages.
While Lindgren almost immediately became a much-appreciated writer, the irreverent attitude towards adult authority that distinguishes many of her characters has occasionally drawn the ire of conservatives.
She travelled to America and wrote what became the 1950 book Kati in America as a series of short pieces for the Swedish women's magazine Damernas Värld.
In 1956, the inaugural year of the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis, the German-language edition of Mio, min Mio (Mio, My Son) won the Children's Book Award.
In 1958, Lindgren received the second Hans Christian Andersen Medal for Rasmus på luffen (Rasmus and the Vagabond), a 1956 novel developed from her screenplay and filmed in 1955.
The biennial International Board on Books for Young People, now considered the highest lifetime recognition available to creators of children's books, soon came to be called the Little Nobel Prize.
In her career, she wrote more than 30 books for children.
In 2017, she was calculated to be the world's 18th most translated author.
By 2010, she had sold roughly 167 million books worldwide.
Following Lindgren's death, the government of Sweden instituted the Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award in her memory. The award is the world's largest monetary award for children's and youth literature.
Let us be reminded that Wallenbergs hoist the skull and bones flag every day at HQ, the Malmvik estate.
Ivor Thord-Gray, Mercanary in 13 wars and a Banker.
One of the most unlikely personal carriers in the history of Swedish war volunteers is that of Thord Hallström from Stockholm. During his career, he became, among other things, a major general in both Russian and American service.
In addition, he was a linguist, ethnologist, Native American expert, archaeologist, military theorist, geologist, double world archery champion, multi-millionaire and the one who inspired the author Edgar Rice Burroughs for the legend and books about Tarzan.
Whipped on Dutch bark
In the spring term of 1893, a school-weary Thord Hallström finished his studies at Södra Latin in Stockholm. With his parents' reluctant permission, he went to sea on the full-rigger Abraham Rydberg under Swedish command.
But the following autumn, as a 17-year-old, Hallström was whipped bloody and unconscious by the captain of a Dutch barque for glancing at his daughter.
This shocking experience must have cemented Hallström's distinct sense of justice and social compassion for the rest of his life.
With a shilling and sixpence in his pocket, he left this ship in Cape Town with a light heart:
»South Africa had me in its grip within 24 hours of my arrival. The country drew me irresistibly to its interior and later claimed more than twelve years of the best and perhaps happiest time of my life.»
Second Matabele War in South Africa
In April 1897, Hallström took the first step on a career that would dominate his life: that of a professional soldier.
He signed a contract with the British cavalry regiment Cape Mounted Rifles to be deployed against a local rebellion in South Africa, the so-called Second Matabele War.
He described his feelings in a letter to his brother Gunnar:
»One day I will come back but not until I am an independent man, that will be my life's goal. As fate threw me into this path, that of the warrior, I want to follow it. I am ambitious, brother, I know it, but say nothing.”
In British war service, Ivor Thord-Gray, as he now called himself abroad, was selected as a machine gunner on the then revolutionary new Maxim machine gun.
At the same time, he also received solid training as an artilleryman.
During inspections, he received the highest marks in marksmanship and other military skills, which resulted in a very good relationship with the regimental commander, Colonel Dalgety.
Fierce fighting in the Boer War
The regiment was effectively mounted infantry fighting on foot. Thord-Gray's service during this time consisted mostly of patrolling and guarding without actual combat.
The old tensions in South Africa between the British and the Boers resulted in the autumn of 1899 in the Boer War.
Thord-Gray's regiment was now engaged in fierce fighting against the Boers in the northern Cape Province, something he described in letters home:
"Our cannon fire was opened with the effect of forcing them [the Boers] to retire to a new position in the mountains. They had two 15-pounders but they shot poorly. Out of eighteen shots, only six came close to us. None of them hit. […] I enjoy myself and there has not yet been any fear in the Swedish blood."
After the end of the Boer War in 1902, the now 24-year-old Thord-Gray had two British campaign medals in his bag, distinguished service from the Cape Mounted Rifles and the offer of an officer's commission. But he instead took up employment as a non-commissioned officer in the British elite South African Constabulary, a mounted police force with the aim of putting down local rebellions.
Here, however, he only remained for a year before taking up a post in the British-South African Survey where he resumed a strong youthful interest: archaeology. He also studied geology and the traditions and culture of the native population, an activity he would later deepen in Mexico.
Rebellion in Natal
This peaceful period in young Thord-Gray's life came to an abrupt end in the spring of 1906 when Zulu tribes rebelled against the British in Natal. He now enlisted as a lieutenant in the regiment of Royston's Horse, with 550 mounted infantry, and experienced new dramatic battles.
In the autumn of 1906, he left the regiment as a captain with brilliant wit as the regiment's most skilled squadron leader and "a superior in battle".
As a soldier, Thord-Gray had now reached an unusual breadth: he could fight as an infantryman, a cavalryman and an artilleryman. He was also a good troop trainer with a routine of leading units of upwards of two hundred men into battle and being responsible for their sustenance.
The Legend of Tarzan
During his time in South Africa, in 1906, Thord-Gray told a sensational event to a local reporter in Cape Town: two mounted policemen of the Cape Mounted Police discovered in the bush a few years earlier a little white boy running on all fours in a herd of baboons. When the boy was about to follow the herd up a steep cliff, he lost his grip and died in the fall.
A few years earlier, a boy in a pram had suddenly disappeared in the same area.
The story became the prelude to the legend of Tarzan - the boy who was raised among baboons - and it is very likely that author Edgar Rice Burroughs was inspired for the Tarzan novels by Ivor Thord-Gray's story.
Fought insurgents in the Philippines
In search of new wars, Thord-Gray traveled to the Far East in 1907 where he became a captain in the Philippine Constabulary, an American police unit that fought Philippine rebels.
His long-term ambitions can be seen in a letter to his relatives in Sweden that same year:
I will study the armies of different countries, their methods in peace and war. My only wish is that when the time comes I shall be worthy to draw my sword for old Sweden and make her useful.
Pancho villa in Mexico
When revolution broke out in Mexico in 1913, it did not pass Thord-Gray. Via San Francisco, on November 19, 1913, he crossed the border over the Rio Grande to try to meet the leader of the Mexican rebels, Pancho Villa.
After first being accused of being a "gringo spy", Thord-Gray excelled with a demonstration of his skill as an artilleryman:
- "Pancho Villa stepped forward and gave me a Mexican embrace ( abrazo ). The words and joy poured out of his mouth. A few minutes later he appointed me his chief of artillery with the rank of first captain ( capitan primero )."
Thord-Gray had a brisk career in Mexico as an artillery officer, troop trainer, chief of staff and mentor to various revolutionary generals.
That Thord-Gray's efforts in Mexico became known in the country was evidenced by Sweden's royal couple during their state visit in the early 2000s.
The president of Mexico enthusiastically mentioned Ivor Thord-Gray as the Swede who not only fought with Pancho Villa but also translated the Tarahumara language.
The author Joakim Langer has described the situation:
King Carl Gustaf and Queen Silvia are said to have looked somewhat wondering and thoughtful. Of course, they had never heard of the fantastic Swede, but they certainly held the color.
Handbook of trench warfare
After the European powder keg burst in the First World War, Thord-Gray arrived in Britain in October 1914. Thanks to his previous British war service in South Africa and good contacts at the War Office in London, he was appointed major and assistant battalion commander in the famous regiment Northumberland Fusiliers.
In the summer of 1915, he became the commander of a fighting battalion in France. However, Thord-Gray quickly established that British trench warfare tactics were clearly substandard.
Outdated fighting methods resulted in unnecessary casualties.
Against his background as a professional soldier and surveyor, Thord-Gray produced both reliable maps of his battalion's trenches and also published a revolutionary instruction book, Trench Routine Orders , which dealt with modern trench warfare tactics.
His manual described tactical rules for both offensive and defensive warfare: for example, the use of battle gas, machine gun tactics, sectional attacks against the enemy by one's own troops, penetration of enemy trench systems, and rational supply of supplies and ammunition.
Left the British Army
Thord-Gray's fellow British officers and his brigadier general had never heard of such a thing and now accused him of disloyalty to the customary royal rules of engagement and of waging war on his own accord. It resulted
in him resigning from the British Army in October 1915, which may have saved his life given the carnage the Western Front was developing into.
Cossacks prepare an attack with the 1st Siberian Storm Division of which Thord-Gray, standing with gun holster, was deputy commander. September 7, 1919, near Petropavl in today's Kazakhstan.
Thord-Gray received an indirect vindication when the divisional commander, General Babington, decided in the autumn of 1915 that Thord-Gray's methods would be introduced within the entire division section and later on large parts of the British Western Front.
For the Whites in the Russian Civil War
The chaotic conditions of the Russian Revolution of 1917–18 brought a dozen different armed conflicts into the ruins of the Tsar's empire. When the Bolsheviks, the Russian Communist Party, took power in November 1917 via a coup d'état in Petrograd against Kerensky's government, the great powers decided to intervene.
Canadian troops took part in an Allied expeditionary force to Siberia and on its staff Ivor Thord-Gray was found as lieutenant-colonel and intelligence officer.
In December 1918 he and other troop units arrived in Vladivostok to later become involved in the politically and militarily chaotic conditions in Siberia where the White anti-Bolshevik troops were led by Admiral Kolchak.
Thord-Gray's cooperation with these Russian units was so appreciated by Koltjak's generals that he was asked to go into Russian service where, as a colonel in the Russian cavalry, he became chief of staff to General Gajda.
Head of Siberian Storm Division
In May 1919, Thord-Gray became deputy commander of the 1st Siberian Storm Division. However, Kolchak's armies increasingly suffered from a lack of discipline and a corrupt officer corps that mostly indulged in vodka and visiting brothels.
Using his experiences as a British battalion commander, Thord-Gray restored the fighting ability of his division by establishing his headquarters close behind the main front line:
-"I found [the Russian] soldiers far colder and more dignified in the line of fire than the officers.
When the squad heard that the division headquarters were only a few hundred yards behind them, when the counter-attack was to be launched, cheers were made and the whole line charged against a large number of machine guns.
The good spirits of the troops had returned only because of the knowledge that their officers were with them."
For his efforts in Siberia, Thord-Gray received hereditary Russian nobility and in November 1919 was promoted to major general in the White Russian Army.
Banker in New York
However, the Bolsheviks increasingly gained the upper hand in Siberia and on February 3, 1920, the now 42-year-old Thord-Gray left Vladivostok for the United States.
From 1924 he worked as a successful banker in New York and in 1926 married the rich banker's daughter Josephine Toerge.
In 1935 he was appointed a major general in the US Army and chief of staff to the governor of Florida, a position that was primarily honorary in nature. His time on the world's battlefield was over.
Adventurous
When considering Thord-Gray's life, the natural question arises as to what drove him to spend more or less half a life as a merchant traveler in war. That his private life was complicated to say the least probably contributed to Thord-Gray's restless search for new wars. Only at the age of 55, after four failed marriages, did he experience a harmonious marriage.
In his memoirs, he writes that fate brought him into the warrior's path, but that his driving force was also ambition.
That he met his eldest son for the first time when he was a grown man of 45 undoubtedly casts a tragic light on an otherwise successful life.
Never in the Swedish army
On an autumn day in September 1965, a unique human destiny ended when Ivor Thord-Gray was laid to rest in the Sandsborg cemetery south of Stockholm.
To see him only as a mercenary would be to misunderstand his complex multi-personality.
This gunpowder warrior had a big heart for people and was also famous as a philanthropist and recognized scientist.
Thord Hallström, the most war-experienced Swede in the 20th century, however, never wore a Swedish uniform.
Military History 1/207](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/F-HCZFCXwAAzpbh.png)
![Arsenalsgatan's tweet photo. Astrid Lindgren and Ivor Thord-Gray
or we could call it the story of
Pippi longstocking and the mercenary Tarzan
Here colonialism and national socialism mixes in a way that the oligarchy is not dissapointed of at all, controlled opposition at is best, is maybe a understatement.
/Bombadil
The Russians have a very clear view on this, they don't fancy the oligarchy that controlled both the 3d reich project and the bolshevik revolution.
Thord-Gray spent many summers in Furusund in the Stockholm archipelago and was there a neighbor of Astrid Lindgren.
It has often been claimed that Ivor Thord-Gray contributed inspiration to the literary figure of Tarzan
Ivor Thord-Gray , originally Thord Ivar Hallström , born April 17 , 1878 at Södermalm in Stockholm, died August, 1964 in Coral Gables, Florida , was a Swedish-American ethnologist , linguist, adventurer and mercenary...
He participated in 13 different wars and during his lifetime became a British lieutenant colonel, a Russian major general and an American major general.
In 1923, he wrote From Mexico's Antiquity: Among Temple Ruins and God Images , a book on Mexican archaeology.
He became world archery champion in 1927.
In 1955, Thord-Gray wrote the great linguistic work Tarahumara-English Dictionary.
The Tarahumara, or Rarámuri, are an indigenous people in Mexico and Thord-Gray had Tarahumara scouts with him during his time in Mexico.
He described the time in Mexico in his book Gringo Rebel: Mexico 1913–1914 which was published in 1960 in the United States and in 1961 in Sweden as a Gringo among rebels: a Swede in Mexico 1913–1914.
Astrid Lindgren
Lindgren worked as a journalist and secretary before becoming a full-time author.
In the early 1940s, she worked as a secretary for criminalist Harry Söderman; the Norsk biografisk leksikon cites this experience as an inspiration for her fictional detective Bill Bergson.
In 1944, Lindgren won second prize in a competition held by the book publishing company Rabén & Sjögren, with the novel Britt-Marie lättar sitt hjärta (The Confidences of Britt-Marie).
In 1945 she won first prize in the same competition with the chapter book Pippi Långstrump (Pippi Longstocking), which had been rejected by the book publishing company Bonniers.
Wonder why, maybe to close, read as = use a proxy.
Wallenberg-Bonnier is married into each other and business connected on all levels./Bombadil
Rabén & Sjögren published it with illustrations by Ingrid Vang Nyman, the latter's debut in Sweden.
Since then it has become one of the most beloved children's books in the world and has been translated into at least 100 languages.
While Lindgren almost immediately became a much-appreciated writer, the irreverent attitude towards adult authority that distinguishes many of her characters has occasionally drawn the ire of conservatives.
She travelled to America and wrote what became the 1950 book Kati in America as a series of short pieces for the Swedish women's magazine Damernas Värld.
In 1956, the inaugural year of the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis, the German-language edition of Mio, min Mio (Mio, My Son) won the Children's Book Award.
In 1958, Lindgren received the second Hans Christian Andersen Medal for Rasmus på luffen (Rasmus and the Vagabond), a 1956 novel developed from her screenplay and filmed in 1955.
The biennial International Board on Books for Young People, now considered the highest lifetime recognition available to creators of children's books, soon came to be called the Little Nobel Prize.
In her career, she wrote more than 30 books for children.
In 2017, she was calculated to be the world's 18th most translated author.
By 2010, she had sold roughly 167 million books worldwide.
Following Lindgren's death, the government of Sweden instituted the Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award in her memory. The award is the world's largest monetary award for children's and youth literature.
Let us be reminded that Wallenbergs hoist the skull and bones flag every day at HQ, the Malmvik estate.
Ivor Thord-Gray, Mercanary in 13 wars and a Banker.
One of the most unlikely personal carriers in the history of Swedish war volunteers is that of Thord Hallström from Stockholm. During his career, he became, among other things, a major general in both Russian and American service.
In addition, he was a linguist, ethnologist, Native American expert, archaeologist, military theorist, geologist, double world archery champion, multi-millionaire and the one who inspired the author Edgar Rice Burroughs for the legend and books about Tarzan.
Whipped on Dutch bark
In the spring term of 1893, a school-weary Thord Hallström finished his studies at Södra Latin in Stockholm. With his parents' reluctant permission, he went to sea on the full-rigger Abraham Rydberg under Swedish command.
But the following autumn, as a 17-year-old, Hallström was whipped bloody and unconscious by the captain of a Dutch barque for glancing at his daughter.
This shocking experience must have cemented Hallström's distinct sense of justice and social compassion for the rest of his life.
With a shilling and sixpence in his pocket, he left this ship in Cape Town with a light heart:
»South Africa had me in its grip within 24 hours of my arrival. The country drew me irresistibly to its interior and later claimed more than twelve years of the best and perhaps happiest time of my life.»
Second Matabele War in South Africa
In April 1897, Hallström took the first step on a career that would dominate his life: that of a professional soldier.
He signed a contract with the British cavalry regiment Cape Mounted Rifles to be deployed against a local rebellion in South Africa, the so-called Second Matabele War.
He described his feelings in a letter to his brother Gunnar:
»One day I will come back but not until I am an independent man, that will be my life's goal. As fate threw me into this path, that of the warrior, I want to follow it. I am ambitious, brother, I know it, but say nothing.”
In British war service, Ivor Thord-Gray, as he now called himself abroad, was selected as a machine gunner on the then revolutionary new Maxim machine gun.
At the same time, he also received solid training as an artilleryman.
During inspections, he received the highest marks in marksmanship and other military skills, which resulted in a very good relationship with the regimental commander, Colonel Dalgety.
Fierce fighting in the Boer War
The regiment was effectively mounted infantry fighting on foot. Thord-Gray's service during this time consisted mostly of patrolling and guarding without actual combat.
The old tensions in South Africa between the British and the Boers resulted in the autumn of 1899 in the Boer War.
Thord-Gray's regiment was now engaged in fierce fighting against the Boers in the northern Cape Province, something he described in letters home:
"Our cannon fire was opened with the effect of forcing them [the Boers] to retire to a new position in the mountains. They had two 15-pounders but they shot poorly. Out of eighteen shots, only six came close to us. None of them hit. […] I enjoy myself and there has not yet been any fear in the Swedish blood."
After the end of the Boer War in 1902, the now 24-year-old Thord-Gray had two British campaign medals in his bag, distinguished service from the Cape Mounted Rifles and the offer of an officer's commission. But he instead took up employment as a non-commissioned officer in the British elite South African Constabulary, a mounted police force with the aim of putting down local rebellions.
Here, however, he only remained for a year before taking up a post in the British-South African Survey where he resumed a strong youthful interest: archaeology. He also studied geology and the traditions and culture of the native population, an activity he would later deepen in Mexico.
Rebellion in Natal
This peaceful period in young Thord-Gray's life came to an abrupt end in the spring of 1906 when Zulu tribes rebelled against the British in Natal. He now enlisted as a lieutenant in the regiment of Royston's Horse, with 550 mounted infantry, and experienced new dramatic battles.
In the autumn of 1906, he left the regiment as a captain with brilliant wit as the regiment's most skilled squadron leader and "a superior in battle".
As a soldier, Thord-Gray had now reached an unusual breadth: he could fight as an infantryman, a cavalryman and an artilleryman. He was also a good troop trainer with a routine of leading units of upwards of two hundred men into battle and being responsible for their sustenance.
The Legend of Tarzan
During his time in South Africa, in 1906, Thord-Gray told a sensational event to a local reporter in Cape Town: two mounted policemen of the Cape Mounted Police discovered in the bush a few years earlier a little white boy running on all fours in a herd of baboons. When the boy was about to follow the herd up a steep cliff, he lost his grip and died in the fall.
A few years earlier, a boy in a pram had suddenly disappeared in the same area.
The story became the prelude to the legend of Tarzan - the boy who was raised among baboons - and it is very likely that author Edgar Rice Burroughs was inspired for the Tarzan novels by Ivor Thord-Gray's story.
Fought insurgents in the Philippines
In search of new wars, Thord-Gray traveled to the Far East in 1907 where he became a captain in the Philippine Constabulary, an American police unit that fought Philippine rebels.
His long-term ambitions can be seen in a letter to his relatives in Sweden that same year:
I will study the armies of different countries, their methods in peace and war. My only wish is that when the time comes I shall be worthy to draw my sword for old Sweden and make her useful.
Pancho villa in Mexico
When revolution broke out in Mexico in 1913, it did not pass Thord-Gray. Via San Francisco, on November 19, 1913, he crossed the border over the Rio Grande to try to meet the leader of the Mexican rebels, Pancho Villa.
After first being accused of being a "gringo spy", Thord-Gray excelled with a demonstration of his skill as an artilleryman:
- "Pancho Villa stepped forward and gave me a Mexican embrace ( abrazo ). The words and joy poured out of his mouth. A few minutes later he appointed me his chief of artillery with the rank of first captain ( capitan primero )."
Thord-Gray had a brisk career in Mexico as an artillery officer, troop trainer, chief of staff and mentor to various revolutionary generals.
That Thord-Gray's efforts in Mexico became known in the country was evidenced by Sweden's royal couple during their state visit in the early 2000s.
The president of Mexico enthusiastically mentioned Ivor Thord-Gray as the Swede who not only fought with Pancho Villa but also translated the Tarahumara language.
The author Joakim Langer has described the situation:
King Carl Gustaf and Queen Silvia are said to have looked somewhat wondering and thoughtful. Of course, they had never heard of the fantastic Swede, but they certainly held the color.
Handbook of trench warfare
After the European powder keg burst in the First World War, Thord-Gray arrived in Britain in October 1914. Thanks to his previous British war service in South Africa and good contacts at the War Office in London, he was appointed major and assistant battalion commander in the famous regiment Northumberland Fusiliers.
In the summer of 1915, he became the commander of a fighting battalion in France. However, Thord-Gray quickly established that British trench warfare tactics were clearly substandard.
Outdated fighting methods resulted in unnecessary casualties.
Against his background as a professional soldier and surveyor, Thord-Gray produced both reliable maps of his battalion's trenches and also published a revolutionary instruction book, Trench Routine Orders , which dealt with modern trench warfare tactics.
His manual described tactical rules for both offensive and defensive warfare: for example, the use of battle gas, machine gun tactics, sectional attacks against the enemy by one's own troops, penetration of enemy trench systems, and rational supply of supplies and ammunition.
Left the British Army
Thord-Gray's fellow British officers and his brigadier general had never heard of such a thing and now accused him of disloyalty to the customary royal rules of engagement and of waging war on his own accord. It resulted
in him resigning from the British Army in October 1915, which may have saved his life given the carnage the Western Front was developing into.
Cossacks prepare an attack with the 1st Siberian Storm Division of which Thord-Gray, standing with gun holster, was deputy commander. September 7, 1919, near Petropavl in today's Kazakhstan.
Thord-Gray received an indirect vindication when the divisional commander, General Babington, decided in the autumn of 1915 that Thord-Gray's methods would be introduced within the entire division section and later on large parts of the British Western Front.
For the Whites in the Russian Civil War
The chaotic conditions of the Russian Revolution of 1917–18 brought a dozen different armed conflicts into the ruins of the Tsar's empire. When the Bolsheviks, the Russian Communist Party, took power in November 1917 via a coup d'état in Petrograd against Kerensky's government, the great powers decided to intervene.
Canadian troops took part in an Allied expeditionary force to Siberia and on its staff Ivor Thord-Gray was found as lieutenant-colonel and intelligence officer.
In December 1918 he and other troop units arrived in Vladivostok to later become involved in the politically and militarily chaotic conditions in Siberia where the White anti-Bolshevik troops were led by Admiral Kolchak.
Thord-Gray's cooperation with these Russian units was so appreciated by Koltjak's generals that he was asked to go into Russian service where, as a colonel in the Russian cavalry, he became chief of staff to General Gajda.
Head of Siberian Storm Division
In May 1919, Thord-Gray became deputy commander of the 1st Siberian Storm Division. However, Kolchak's armies increasingly suffered from a lack of discipline and a corrupt officer corps that mostly indulged in vodka and visiting brothels.
Using his experiences as a British battalion commander, Thord-Gray restored the fighting ability of his division by establishing his headquarters close behind the main front line:
-"I found [the Russian] soldiers far colder and more dignified in the line of fire than the officers.
When the squad heard that the division headquarters were only a few hundred yards behind them, when the counter-attack was to be launched, cheers were made and the whole line charged against a large number of machine guns.
The good spirits of the troops had returned only because of the knowledge that their officers were with them."
For his efforts in Siberia, Thord-Gray received hereditary Russian nobility and in November 1919 was promoted to major general in the White Russian Army.
Banker in New York
However, the Bolsheviks increasingly gained the upper hand in Siberia and on February 3, 1920, the now 42-year-old Thord-Gray left Vladivostok for the United States.
From 1924 he worked as a successful banker in New York and in 1926 married the rich banker's daughter Josephine Toerge.
In 1935 he was appointed a major general in the US Army and chief of staff to the governor of Florida, a position that was primarily honorary in nature. His time on the world's battlefield was over.
Adventurous
When considering Thord-Gray's life, the natural question arises as to what drove him to spend more or less half a life as a merchant traveler in war. That his private life was complicated to say the least probably contributed to Thord-Gray's restless search for new wars. Only at the age of 55, after four failed marriages, did he experience a harmonious marriage.
In his memoirs, he writes that fate brought him into the warrior's path, but that his driving force was also ambition.
That he met his eldest son for the first time when he was a grown man of 45 undoubtedly casts a tragic light on an otherwise successful life.
Never in the Swedish army
On an autumn day in September 1965, a unique human destiny ended when Ivor Thord-Gray was laid to rest in the Sandsborg cemetery south of Stockholm.
To see him only as a mercenary would be to misunderstand his complex multi-personality.
This gunpowder warrior had a big heart for people and was also famous as a philanthropist and recognized scientist.
Thord Hallström, the most war-experienced Swede in the 20th century, however, never wore a Swedish uniform.
Military History 1/207](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/F-HBC8YXIAAP5NV.png)
![Arsenalsgatan's tweet photo. Astrid Lindgren and Ivor Thord-Gray
or we could call it the story of
Pippi longstocking and the mercenary Tarzan
Here colonialism and national socialism mixes in a way that the oligarchy is not dissapointed of at all, controlled opposition at is best, is maybe a understatement.
/Bombadil
The Russians have a very clear view on this, they don't fancy the oligarchy that controlled both the 3d reich project and the bolshevik revolution.
Thord-Gray spent many summers in Furusund in the Stockholm archipelago and was there a neighbor of Astrid Lindgren.
It has often been claimed that Ivor Thord-Gray contributed inspiration to the literary figure of Tarzan
Ivor Thord-Gray , originally Thord Ivar Hallström , born April 17 , 1878 at Södermalm in Stockholm, died August, 1964 in Coral Gables, Florida , was a Swedish-American ethnologist , linguist, adventurer and mercenary...
He participated in 13 different wars and during his lifetime became a British lieutenant colonel, a Russian major general and an American major general.
In 1923, he wrote From Mexico's Antiquity: Among Temple Ruins and God Images , a book on Mexican archaeology.
He became world archery champion in 1927.
In 1955, Thord-Gray wrote the great linguistic work Tarahumara-English Dictionary.
The Tarahumara, or Rarámuri, are an indigenous people in Mexico and Thord-Gray had Tarahumara scouts with him during his time in Mexico.
He described the time in Mexico in his book Gringo Rebel: Mexico 1913–1914 which was published in 1960 in the United States and in 1961 in Sweden as a Gringo among rebels: a Swede in Mexico 1913–1914.
Astrid Lindgren
Lindgren worked as a journalist and secretary before becoming a full-time author.
In the early 1940s, she worked as a secretary for criminalist Harry Söderman; the Norsk biografisk leksikon cites this experience as an inspiration for her fictional detective Bill Bergson.
In 1944, Lindgren won second prize in a competition held by the book publishing company Rabén & Sjögren, with the novel Britt-Marie lättar sitt hjärta (The Confidences of Britt-Marie).
In 1945 she won first prize in the same competition with the chapter book Pippi Långstrump (Pippi Longstocking), which had been rejected by the book publishing company Bonniers.
Wonder why, maybe to close, read as = use a proxy.
Wallenberg-Bonnier is married into each other and business connected on all levels./Bombadil
Rabén & Sjögren published it with illustrations by Ingrid Vang Nyman, the latter's debut in Sweden.
Since then it has become one of the most beloved children's books in the world and has been translated into at least 100 languages.
While Lindgren almost immediately became a much-appreciated writer, the irreverent attitude towards adult authority that distinguishes many of her characters has occasionally drawn the ire of conservatives.
She travelled to America and wrote what became the 1950 book Kati in America as a series of short pieces for the Swedish women's magazine Damernas Värld.
In 1956, the inaugural year of the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis, the German-language edition of Mio, min Mio (Mio, My Son) won the Children's Book Award.
In 1958, Lindgren received the second Hans Christian Andersen Medal for Rasmus på luffen (Rasmus and the Vagabond), a 1956 novel developed from her screenplay and filmed in 1955.
The biennial International Board on Books for Young People, now considered the highest lifetime recognition available to creators of children's books, soon came to be called the Little Nobel Prize.
In her career, she wrote more than 30 books for children.
In 2017, she was calculated to be the world's 18th most translated author.
By 2010, she had sold roughly 167 million books worldwide.
Following Lindgren's death, the government of Sweden instituted the Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award in her memory. The award is the world's largest monetary award for children's and youth literature.
Let us be reminded that Wallenbergs hoist the skull and bones flag every day at HQ, the Malmvik estate.
Ivor Thord-Gray, Mercanary in 13 wars and a Banker.
One of the most unlikely personal carriers in the history of Swedish war volunteers is that of Thord Hallström from Stockholm. During his career, he became, among other things, a major general in both Russian and American service.
In addition, he was a linguist, ethnologist, Native American expert, archaeologist, military theorist, geologist, double world archery champion, multi-millionaire and the one who inspired the author Edgar Rice Burroughs for the legend and books about Tarzan.
Whipped on Dutch bark
In the spring term of 1893, a school-weary Thord Hallström finished his studies at Södra Latin in Stockholm. With his parents' reluctant permission, he went to sea on the full-rigger Abraham Rydberg under Swedish command.
But the following autumn, as a 17-year-old, Hallström was whipped bloody and unconscious by the captain of a Dutch barque for glancing at his daughter.
This shocking experience must have cemented Hallström's distinct sense of justice and social compassion for the rest of his life.
With a shilling and sixpence in his pocket, he left this ship in Cape Town with a light heart:
»South Africa had me in its grip within 24 hours of my arrival. The country drew me irresistibly to its interior and later claimed more than twelve years of the best and perhaps happiest time of my life.»
Second Matabele War in South Africa
In April 1897, Hallström took the first step on a career that would dominate his life: that of a professional soldier.
He signed a contract with the British cavalry regiment Cape Mounted Rifles to be deployed against a local rebellion in South Africa, the so-called Second Matabele War.
He described his feelings in a letter to his brother Gunnar:
»One day I will come back but not until I am an independent man, that will be my life's goal. As fate threw me into this path, that of the warrior, I want to follow it. I am ambitious, brother, I know it, but say nothing.”
In British war service, Ivor Thord-Gray, as he now called himself abroad, was selected as a machine gunner on the then revolutionary new Maxim machine gun.
At the same time, he also received solid training as an artilleryman.
During inspections, he received the highest marks in marksmanship and other military skills, which resulted in a very good relationship with the regimental commander, Colonel Dalgety.
Fierce fighting in the Boer War
The regiment was effectively mounted infantry fighting on foot. Thord-Gray's service during this time consisted mostly of patrolling and guarding without actual combat.
The old tensions in South Africa between the British and the Boers resulted in the autumn of 1899 in the Boer War.
Thord-Gray's regiment was now engaged in fierce fighting against the Boers in the northern Cape Province, something he described in letters home:
"Our cannon fire was opened with the effect of forcing them [the Boers] to retire to a new position in the mountains. They had two 15-pounders but they shot poorly. Out of eighteen shots, only six came close to us. None of them hit. […] I enjoy myself and there has not yet been any fear in the Swedish blood."
After the end of the Boer War in 1902, the now 24-year-old Thord-Gray had two British campaign medals in his bag, distinguished service from the Cape Mounted Rifles and the offer of an officer's commission. But he instead took up employment as a non-commissioned officer in the British elite South African Constabulary, a mounted police force with the aim of putting down local rebellions.
Here, however, he only remained for a year before taking up a post in the British-South African Survey where he resumed a strong youthful interest: archaeology. He also studied geology and the traditions and culture of the native population, an activity he would later deepen in Mexico.
Rebellion in Natal
This peaceful period in young Thord-Gray's life came to an abrupt end in the spring of 1906 when Zulu tribes rebelled against the British in Natal. He now enlisted as a lieutenant in the regiment of Royston's Horse, with 550 mounted infantry, and experienced new dramatic battles.
In the autumn of 1906, he left the regiment as a captain with brilliant wit as the regiment's most skilled squadron leader and "a superior in battle".
As a soldier, Thord-Gray had now reached an unusual breadth: he could fight as an infantryman, a cavalryman and an artilleryman. He was also a good troop trainer with a routine of leading units of upwards of two hundred men into battle and being responsible for their sustenance.
The Legend of Tarzan
During his time in South Africa, in 1906, Thord-Gray told a sensational event to a local reporter in Cape Town: two mounted policemen of the Cape Mounted Police discovered in the bush a few years earlier a little white boy running on all fours in a herd of baboons. When the boy was about to follow the herd up a steep cliff, he lost his grip and died in the fall.
A few years earlier, a boy in a pram had suddenly disappeared in the same area.
The story became the prelude to the legend of Tarzan - the boy who was raised among baboons - and it is very likely that author Edgar Rice Burroughs was inspired for the Tarzan novels by Ivor Thord-Gray's story.
Fought insurgents in the Philippines
In search of new wars, Thord-Gray traveled to the Far East in 1907 where he became a captain in the Philippine Constabulary, an American police unit that fought Philippine rebels.
His long-term ambitions can be seen in a letter to his relatives in Sweden that same year:
I will study the armies of different countries, their methods in peace and war. My only wish is that when the time comes I shall be worthy to draw my sword for old Sweden and make her useful.
Pancho villa in Mexico
When revolution broke out in Mexico in 1913, it did not pass Thord-Gray. Via San Francisco, on November 19, 1913, he crossed the border over the Rio Grande to try to meet the leader of the Mexican rebels, Pancho Villa.
After first being accused of being a "gringo spy", Thord-Gray excelled with a demonstration of his skill as an artilleryman:
- "Pancho Villa stepped forward and gave me a Mexican embrace ( abrazo ). The words and joy poured out of his mouth. A few minutes later he appointed me his chief of artillery with the rank of first captain ( capitan primero )."
Thord-Gray had a brisk career in Mexico as an artillery officer, troop trainer, chief of staff and mentor to various revolutionary generals.
That Thord-Gray's efforts in Mexico became known in the country was evidenced by Sweden's royal couple during their state visit in the early 2000s.
The president of Mexico enthusiastically mentioned Ivor Thord-Gray as the Swede who not only fought with Pancho Villa but also translated the Tarahumara language.
The author Joakim Langer has described the situation:
King Carl Gustaf and Queen Silvia are said to have looked somewhat wondering and thoughtful. Of course, they had never heard of the fantastic Swede, but they certainly held the color.
Handbook of trench warfare
After the European powder keg burst in the First World War, Thord-Gray arrived in Britain in October 1914. Thanks to his previous British war service in South Africa and good contacts at the War Office in London, he was appointed major and assistant battalion commander in the famous regiment Northumberland Fusiliers.
In the summer of 1915, he became the commander of a fighting battalion in France. However, Thord-Gray quickly established that British trench warfare tactics were clearly substandard.
Outdated fighting methods resulted in unnecessary casualties.
Against his background as a professional soldier and surveyor, Thord-Gray produced both reliable maps of his battalion's trenches and also published a revolutionary instruction book, Trench Routine Orders , which dealt with modern trench warfare tactics.
His manual described tactical rules for both offensive and defensive warfare: for example, the use of battle gas, machine gun tactics, sectional attacks against the enemy by one's own troops, penetration of enemy trench systems, and rational supply of supplies and ammunition.
Left the British Army
Thord-Gray's fellow British officers and his brigadier general had never heard of such a thing and now accused him of disloyalty to the customary royal rules of engagement and of waging war on his own accord. It resulted
in him resigning from the British Army in October 1915, which may have saved his life given the carnage the Western Front was developing into.
Cossacks prepare an attack with the 1st Siberian Storm Division of which Thord-Gray, standing with gun holster, was deputy commander. September 7, 1919, near Petropavl in today's Kazakhstan.
Thord-Gray received an indirect vindication when the divisional commander, General Babington, decided in the autumn of 1915 that Thord-Gray's methods would be introduced within the entire division section and later on large parts of the British Western Front.
For the Whites in the Russian Civil War
The chaotic conditions of the Russian Revolution of 1917–18 brought a dozen different armed conflicts into the ruins of the Tsar's empire. When the Bolsheviks, the Russian Communist Party, took power in November 1917 via a coup d'état in Petrograd against Kerensky's government, the great powers decided to intervene.
Canadian troops took part in an Allied expeditionary force to Siberia and on its staff Ivor Thord-Gray was found as lieutenant-colonel and intelligence officer.
In December 1918 he and other troop units arrived in Vladivostok to later become involved in the politically and militarily chaotic conditions in Siberia where the White anti-Bolshevik troops were led by Admiral Kolchak.
Thord-Gray's cooperation with these Russian units was so appreciated by Koltjak's generals that he was asked to go into Russian service where, as a colonel in the Russian cavalry, he became chief of staff to General Gajda.
Head of Siberian Storm Division
In May 1919, Thord-Gray became deputy commander of the 1st Siberian Storm Division. However, Kolchak's armies increasingly suffered from a lack of discipline and a corrupt officer corps that mostly indulged in vodka and visiting brothels.
Using his experiences as a British battalion commander, Thord-Gray restored the fighting ability of his division by establishing his headquarters close behind the main front line:
-"I found [the Russian] soldiers far colder and more dignified in the line of fire than the officers.
When the squad heard that the division headquarters were only a few hundred yards behind them, when the counter-attack was to be launched, cheers were made and the whole line charged against a large number of machine guns.
The good spirits of the troops had returned only because of the knowledge that their officers were with them."
For his efforts in Siberia, Thord-Gray received hereditary Russian nobility and in November 1919 was promoted to major general in the White Russian Army.
Banker in New York
However, the Bolsheviks increasingly gained the upper hand in Siberia and on February 3, 1920, the now 42-year-old Thord-Gray left Vladivostok for the United States.
From 1924 he worked as a successful banker in New York and in 1926 married the rich banker's daughter Josephine Toerge.
In 1935 he was appointed a major general in the US Army and chief of staff to the governor of Florida, a position that was primarily honorary in nature. His time on the world's battlefield was over.
Adventurous
When considering Thord-Gray's life, the natural question arises as to what drove him to spend more or less half a life as a merchant traveler in war. That his private life was complicated to say the least probably contributed to Thord-Gray's restless search for new wars. Only at the age of 55, after four failed marriages, did he experience a harmonious marriage.
In his memoirs, he writes that fate brought him into the warrior's path, but that his driving force was also ambition.
That he met his eldest son for the first time when he was a grown man of 45 undoubtedly casts a tragic light on an otherwise successful life.
Never in the Swedish army
On an autumn day in September 1965, a unique human destiny ended when Ivor Thord-Gray was laid to rest in the Sandsborg cemetery south of Stockholm.
To see him only as a mercenary would be to misunderstand his complex multi-personality.
This gunpowder warrior had a big heart for people and was also famous as a philanthropist and recognized scientist.
Thord Hallström, the most war-experienced Swede in the 20th century, however, never wore a Swedish uniform.
Military History 1/207](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/F-G9AQJWgAAyJ6l.png)
Olivia
Online
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@JJunhov
Joined August 2021
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@OleEmilAugland1 Jag kommer läsa den :) kör på!
Peak Pleb Slop, with @hodlonaut
Who to follow
@knutsvanholm Looking forward to hear it 🥳
Debattartikel:
”Varför vänder inte journalisterna upp och ner på hela skiten?”
@anderslindberg
Av: Desperado – Oberoende medborgarröst utan filter
Det finns en myt i vårt samhälle, välpolerad och ständigt upprepad,
den att journalistik handlar om att granska makten.
Att fjärde statsmakten står mellan folket och de som styr, redo att avslöja, utmana och försvara det gemensamma bästa.
I verkligheten är det precis tvärtom.
Den journalistik vi får är den vi förtjänar…
I dag är det inte den som maktmissbrukar som riskerar att hängas ut.
Det är den som frågar varför ingen granskar det.
Den som påpekar orimligheter, systembrister eller dubbla måttstockar blir inte bjuden till panelen.
Den blir skuggad, hånad, avfärdad som “konspirationsteoretiker”, “kontroversiell” eller “desinformatör”.
Och det är inte staten som gör det,
det är redaktioner, journalistkollegor och plattformar.
”Oberoende” finns bara i teorin…
De flesta redaktioner är beroende av samma system som de ska granska:
•Statligt presstöd
•Annonsörer med politiska intressen
•PR-byråer som serverar narrativen
•Plattformar som belönar lydnad och avstraffar avvikelse
Och även de som kallar sig ”oberoende” sitter på plattformar som enkelt kan demonetarisera, skugga eller kasta ut dem utan motivering.
Du behöver inte äga media för att kontrollera den.
Det räcker med att kontrollera algoritmen.
Eller rädsla.
Härska, tysta, ignorera…
Den moderna journalistiken är inte tyst. Den är full av ljud.
Men den ljuder bara inom godkända frekvenser.
Allt som bryter mönstret blir tystat utan censur, utan bara genom…
•att inte lyftas
•att inte citeras
•att inte besvaras
•att kallas något fult
Det är så du vet att något är farligt,
Inte när det förnekas.
Utan när det inte får nämnas.
Från granskare till gatekeepers…
Detta är inte längre ett enskilt problem.
Det är ett systemskifte:
•I stället för att fråga ”Vem tjänar på detta?” frågas ”Vem säger det här?”
•I stället för att kräva källor krävs ursprung, värdegrund, tillhörighet
•I stället för journalistik får vi informationspedagogik, så att du tycker rätt
Makten behöver inte ljuga längre.
Den behöver bara få dig att miströsta på dem som säger sanningen först.
Tystnaden som bevis…
Ta till exempel Försäkringskasseupproret på Facebook, ett initiativ som med hjälp av förstahandsvittnesmål, dokumentation och analys visat ett systematiskt systemfel i svensk rättsstat som nu närmar sig två miljoner visningar, trots antalet följare.
Inte ett ljud från en enda politiker eller myndighetsperson.
Inte en enda journalist som ställt frågan: ”-Vad pågår här?”
Det är ”bara” andra uppgivna medmänniskor som också söker hjälp i sitt kaos som hör av sig…
Uppenbart är att det är många många som vill veta sanningen.
Detta borde vara ett skäl för grävande journalistik.
Istället är det tyst, just därför att det just det.. skulle vända upp och ner på hela skiten.
Ta i den du @anderslindberg
Om du vågar.
https://t.co/D0WzpbBUNE
Slutord…
Frågan är inte varför de inte vänder upp och ner på hela skiten
Frågan är vem som har råd eller ens mod att göra det.
•Den journalist som vill ha kvar sin plattform?
•Den redaktion som måste följa presstödsregler?
•Den poddare som är beroende av att ligga kvar på Spotify?
•Den bloggare som inte har råd med advokat?
Nej.
De vänder inte upp och ner på hela skiten för att priset är högt och belöningen obefintlig.
Därför måste du, jag och alla som ser mönstren göra det själva.
Vi är det nya redaktionsrådet.
Vi är granskningen nu.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nordanlands ”Kognitiv Dissident”
https://t.co/cZfHF6yaxg
@IngKognito404 @Kong5verre Jag sliter också. Vad betyder/menas med ”I hope we can pull this off” ? 🤷♂️
@enur72 Kombucha och surkål 👍
@enur72 Tack för intressant läsning. Lite offtopic kanske, kom på att jag läste denna tråd som jag tyckte var intressant.
Inte allt som skrivs verkar komma från tomma intet 😅
Astrid Lindgren and Ivor Thord-Gray
or we could call it the story of
Pippi longstocking and the mercenary Tarzan
Here colonialism and national socialism mixes in a way that the oligarchy is not dissapointed of at all, controlled opposition at is best, is maybe a understatement.
/Bombadil
The Russians have a very clear view on this, they don't fancy the oligarchy that controlled both the 3d reich project and the bolshevik revolution.
Thord-Gray spent many summers in Furusund in the Stockholm archipelago and was there a neighbor of Astrid Lindgren.
It has often been claimed that Ivor Thord-Gray contributed inspiration to the literary figure of Tarzan
Ivor Thord-Gray , originally Thord Ivar Hallström , born April 17 , 1878 at Södermalm in Stockholm, died August, 1964 in Coral Gables, Florida , was a Swedish-American ethnologist , linguist, adventurer and mercenary...
He participated in 13 different wars and during his lifetime became a British lieutenant colonel, a Russian major general and an American major general.
In 1923, he wrote From Mexico's Antiquity: Among Temple Ruins and God Images , a book on Mexican archaeology.
He became world archery champion in 1927.
In 1955, Thord-Gray wrote the great linguistic work Tarahumara-English Dictionary.
The Tarahumara, or Rarámuri, are an indigenous people in Mexico and Thord-Gray had Tarahumara scouts with him during his time in Mexico.
He described the time in Mexico in his book Gringo Rebel: Mexico 1913–1914 which was published in 1960 in the United States and in 1961 in Sweden as a Gringo among rebels: a Swede in Mexico 1913–1914.
Astrid Lindgren
Lindgren worked as a journalist and secretary before becoming a full-time author.
In the early 1940s, she worked as a secretary for criminalist Harry Söderman; the Norsk biografisk leksikon cites this experience as an inspiration for her fictional detective Bill Bergson.
In 1944, Lindgren won second prize in a competition held by the book publishing company Rabén & Sjögren, with the novel Britt-Marie lättar sitt hjärta (The Confidences of Britt-Marie).
In 1945 she won first prize in the same competition with the chapter book Pippi Långstrump (Pippi Longstocking), which had been rejected by the book publishing company Bonniers.
Wonder why, maybe to close, read as = use a proxy.
Wallenberg-Bonnier is married into each other and business connected on all levels./Bombadil
Rabén & Sjögren published it with illustrations by Ingrid Vang Nyman, the latter's debut in Sweden.
Since then it has become one of the most beloved children's books in the world and has been translated into at least 100 languages.
While Lindgren almost immediately became a much-appreciated writer, the irreverent attitude towards adult authority that distinguishes many of her characters has occasionally drawn the ire of conservatives.
She travelled to America and wrote what became the 1950 book Kati in America as a series of short pieces for the Swedish women's magazine Damernas Värld.
In 1956, the inaugural year of the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis, the German-language edition of Mio, min Mio (Mio, My Son) won the Children's Book Award.
In 1958, Lindgren received the second Hans Christian Andersen Medal for Rasmus på luffen (Rasmus and the Vagabond), a 1956 novel developed from her screenplay and filmed in 1955.
The biennial International Board on Books for Young People, now considered the highest lifetime recognition available to creators of children's books, soon came to be called the Little Nobel Prize.
In her career, she wrote more than 30 books for children.
In 2017, she was calculated to be the world's 18th most translated author.
By 2010, she had sold roughly 167 million books worldwide.
Following Lindgren's death, the government of Sweden instituted the Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award in her memory. The award is the world's largest monetary award for children's and youth literature.
Let us be reminded that Wallenbergs hoist the skull and bones flag every day at HQ, the Malmvik estate.
Ivor Thord-Gray, Mercanary in 13 wars and a Banker.
One of the most unlikely personal carriers in the history of Swedish war volunteers is that of Thord Hallström from Stockholm. During his career, he became, among other things, a major general in both Russian and American service.
In addition, he was a linguist, ethnologist, Native American expert, archaeologist, military theorist, geologist, double world archery champion, multi-millionaire and the one who inspired the author Edgar Rice Burroughs for the legend and books about Tarzan.
Whipped on Dutch bark
In the spring term of 1893, a school-weary Thord Hallström finished his studies at Södra Latin in Stockholm. With his parents' reluctant permission, he went to sea on the full-rigger Abraham Rydberg under Swedish command.
But the following autumn, as a 17-year-old, Hallström was whipped bloody and unconscious by the captain of a Dutch barque for glancing at his daughter.
This shocking experience must have cemented Hallström's distinct sense of justice and social compassion for the rest of his life.
With a shilling and sixpence in his pocket, he left this ship in Cape Town with a light heart:
»South Africa had me in its grip within 24 hours of my arrival. The country drew me irresistibly to its interior and later claimed more than twelve years of the best and perhaps happiest time of my life.»
Second Matabele War in South Africa
In April 1897, Hallström took the first step on a career that would dominate his life: that of a professional soldier.
He signed a contract with the British cavalry regiment Cape Mounted Rifles to be deployed against a local rebellion in South Africa, the so-called Second Matabele War.
He described his feelings in a letter to his brother Gunnar:
»One day I will come back but not until I am an independent man, that will be my life's goal. As fate threw me into this path, that of the warrior, I want to follow it. I am ambitious, brother, I know it, but say nothing.”
In British war service, Ivor Thord-Gray, as he now called himself abroad, was selected as a machine gunner on the then revolutionary new Maxim machine gun.
At the same time, he also received solid training as an artilleryman.
During inspections, he received the highest marks in marksmanship and other military skills, which resulted in a very good relationship with the regimental commander, Colonel Dalgety.
Fierce fighting in the Boer War
The regiment was effectively mounted infantry fighting on foot. Thord-Gray's service during this time consisted mostly of patrolling and guarding without actual combat.
The old tensions in South Africa between the British and the Boers resulted in the autumn of 1899 in the Boer War.
Thord-Gray's regiment was now engaged in fierce fighting against the Boers in the northern Cape Province, something he described in letters home:
"Our cannon fire was opened with the effect of forcing them [the Boers] to retire to a new position in the mountains. They had two 15-pounders but they shot poorly. Out of eighteen shots, only six came close to us. None of them hit. […] I enjoy myself and there has not yet been any fear in the Swedish blood."
After the end of the Boer War in 1902, the now 24-year-old Thord-Gray had two British campaign medals in his bag, distinguished service from the Cape Mounted Rifles and the offer of an officer's commission. But he instead took up employment as a non-commissioned officer in the British elite South African Constabulary, a mounted police force with the aim of putting down local rebellions.
Here, however, he only remained for a year before taking up a post in the British-South African Survey where he resumed a strong youthful interest: archaeology. He also studied geology and the traditions and culture of the native population, an activity he would later deepen in Mexico.
Rebellion in Natal
This peaceful period in young Thord-Gray's life came to an abrupt end in the spring of 1906 when Zulu tribes rebelled against the British in Natal. He now enlisted as a lieutenant in the regiment of Royston's Horse, with 550 mounted infantry, and experienced new dramatic battles.
In the autumn of 1906, he left the regiment as a captain with brilliant wit as the regiment's most skilled squadron leader and "a superior in battle".
As a soldier, Thord-Gray had now reached an unusual breadth: he could fight as an infantryman, a cavalryman and an artilleryman. He was also a good troop trainer with a routine of leading units of upwards of two hundred men into battle and being responsible for their sustenance.
The Legend of Tarzan
During his time in South Africa, in 1906, Thord-Gray told a sensational event to a local reporter in Cape Town: two mounted policemen of the Cape Mounted Police discovered in the bush a few years earlier a little white boy running on all fours in a herd of baboons. When the boy was about to follow the herd up a steep cliff, he lost his grip and died in the fall.
A few years earlier, a boy in a pram had suddenly disappeared in the same area.
The story became the prelude to the legend of Tarzan - the boy who was raised among baboons - and it is very likely that author Edgar Rice Burroughs was inspired for the Tarzan novels by Ivor Thord-Gray's story.
Fought insurgents in the Philippines
In search of new wars, Thord-Gray traveled to the Far East in 1907 where he became a captain in the Philippine Constabulary, an American police unit that fought Philippine rebels.
His long-term ambitions can be seen in a letter to his relatives in Sweden that same year:
I will study the armies of different countries, their methods in peace and war. My only wish is that when the time comes I shall be worthy to draw my sword for old Sweden and make her useful.
Pancho villa in Mexico
When revolution broke out in Mexico in 1913, it did not pass Thord-Gray. Via San Francisco, on November 19, 1913, he crossed the border over the Rio Grande to try to meet the leader of the Mexican rebels, Pancho Villa.
After first being accused of being a "gringo spy", Thord-Gray excelled with a demonstration of his skill as an artilleryman:
- "Pancho Villa stepped forward and gave me a Mexican embrace ( abrazo ). The words and joy poured out of his mouth. A few minutes later he appointed me his chief of artillery with the rank of first captain ( capitan primero )."
Thord-Gray had a brisk career in Mexico as an artillery officer, troop trainer, chief of staff and mentor to various revolutionary generals.
That Thord-Gray's efforts in Mexico became known in the country was evidenced by Sweden's royal couple during their state visit in the early 2000s.
The president of Mexico enthusiastically mentioned Ivor Thord-Gray as the Swede who not only fought with Pancho Villa but also translated the Tarahumara language.
The author Joakim Langer has described the situation:
King Carl Gustaf and Queen Silvia are said to have looked somewhat wondering and thoughtful. Of course, they had never heard of the fantastic Swede, but they certainly held the color.
Handbook of trench warfare
After the European powder keg burst in the First World War, Thord-Gray arrived in Britain in October 1914. Thanks to his previous British war service in South Africa and good contacts at the War Office in London, he was appointed major and assistant battalion commander in the famous regiment Northumberland Fusiliers.
In the summer of 1915, he became the commander of a fighting battalion in France. However, Thord-Gray quickly established that British trench warfare tactics were clearly substandard.
Outdated fighting methods resulted in unnecessary casualties.
Against his background as a professional soldier and surveyor, Thord-Gray produced both reliable maps of his battalion's trenches and also published a revolutionary instruction book, Trench Routine Orders , which dealt with modern trench warfare tactics.
His manual described tactical rules for both offensive and defensive warfare: for example, the use of battle gas, machine gun tactics, sectional attacks against the enemy by one's own troops, penetration of enemy trench systems, and rational supply of supplies and ammunition.
Left the British Army
Thord-Gray's fellow British officers and his brigadier general had never heard of such a thing and now accused him of disloyalty to the customary royal rules of engagement and of waging war on his own accord. It resulted
in him resigning from the British Army in October 1915, which may have saved his life given the carnage the Western Front was developing into.
Cossacks prepare an attack with the 1st Siberian Storm Division of which Thord-Gray, standing with gun holster, was deputy commander. September 7, 1919, near Petropavl in today's Kazakhstan.
Thord-Gray received an indirect vindication when the divisional commander, General Babington, decided in the autumn of 1915 that Thord-Gray's methods would be introduced within the entire division section and later on large parts of the British Western Front.
For the Whites in the Russian Civil War
The chaotic conditions of the Russian Revolution of 1917–18 brought a dozen different armed conflicts into the ruins of the Tsar's empire. When the Bolsheviks, the Russian Communist Party, took power in November 1917 via a coup d'état in Petrograd against Kerensky's government, the great powers decided to intervene.
Canadian troops took part in an Allied expeditionary force to Siberia and on its staff Ivor Thord-Gray was found as lieutenant-colonel and intelligence officer.
In December 1918 he and other troop units arrived in Vladivostok to later become involved in the politically and militarily chaotic conditions in Siberia where the White anti-Bolshevik troops were led by Admiral Kolchak.
Thord-Gray's cooperation with these Russian units was so appreciated by Koltjak's generals that he was asked to go into Russian service where, as a colonel in the Russian cavalry, he became chief of staff to General Gajda.
Head of Siberian Storm Division
In May 1919, Thord-Gray became deputy commander of the 1st Siberian Storm Division. However, Kolchak's armies increasingly suffered from a lack of discipline and a corrupt officer corps that mostly indulged in vodka and visiting brothels.
Using his experiences as a British battalion commander, Thord-Gray restored the fighting ability of his division by establishing his headquarters close behind the main front line:
-"I found [the Russian] soldiers far colder and more dignified in the line of fire than the officers.
When the squad heard that the division headquarters were only a few hundred yards behind them, when the counter-attack was to be launched, cheers were made and the whole line charged against a large number of machine guns.
The good spirits of the troops had returned only because of the knowledge that their officers were with them."
For his efforts in Siberia, Thord-Gray received hereditary Russian nobility and in November 1919 was promoted to major general in the White Russian Army.
Banker in New York
However, the Bolsheviks increasingly gained the upper hand in Siberia and on February 3, 1920, the now 42-year-old Thord-Gray left Vladivostok for the United States.
From 1924 he worked as a successful banker in New York and in 1926 married the rich banker's daughter Josephine Toerge.
In 1935 he was appointed a major general in the US Army and chief of staff to the governor of Florida, a position that was primarily honorary in nature. His time on the world's battlefield was over.
Adventurous
When considering Thord-Gray's life, the natural question arises as to what drove him to spend more or less half a life as a merchant traveler in war. That his private life was complicated to say the least probably contributed to Thord-Gray's restless search for new wars. Only at the age of 55, after four failed marriages, did he experience a harmonious marriage.
In his memoirs, he writes that fate brought him into the warrior's path, but that his driving force was also ambition.
That he met his eldest son for the first time when he was a grown man of 45 undoubtedly casts a tragic light on an otherwise successful life.
Never in the Swedish army
On an autumn day in September 1965, a unique human destiny ended when Ivor Thord-Gray was laid to rest in the Sandsborg cemetery south of Stockholm.
To see him only as a mercenary would be to misunderstand his complex multi-personality.
This gunpowder warrior had a big heart for people and was also famous as a philanthropist and recognized scientist.
Thord Hallström, the most war-experienced Swede in the 20th century, however, never wore a Swedish uniform.
Military History 1/207
![Arsenalsgatan's tweet photo. Astrid Lindgren and Ivor Thord-Gray
or we could call it the story of
Pippi longstocking and the mercenary Tarzan
Here colonialism and national socialism mixes in a way that the oligarchy is not dissapointed of at all, controlled opposition at is best, is maybe a understatement.
/Bombadil
The Russians have a very clear view on this, they don't fancy the oligarchy that controlled both the 3d reich project and the bolshevik revolution.
Thord-Gray spent many summers in Furusund in the Stockholm archipelago and was there a neighbor of Astrid Lindgren.
It has often been claimed that Ivor Thord-Gray contributed inspiration to the literary figure of Tarzan
Ivor Thord-Gray , originally Thord Ivar Hallström , born April 17 , 1878 at Södermalm in Stockholm, died August, 1964 in Coral Gables, Florida , was a Swedish-American ethnologist , linguist, adventurer and mercenary...
He participated in 13 different wars and during his lifetime became a British lieutenant colonel, a Russian major general and an American major general.
In 1923, he wrote From Mexico's Antiquity: Among Temple Ruins and God Images , a book on Mexican archaeology.
He became world archery champion in 1927.
In 1955, Thord-Gray wrote the great linguistic work Tarahumara-English Dictionary.
The Tarahumara, or Rarámuri, are an indigenous people in Mexico and Thord-Gray had Tarahumara scouts with him during his time in Mexico.
He described the time in Mexico in his book Gringo Rebel: Mexico 1913–1914 which was published in 1960 in the United States and in 1961 in Sweden as a Gringo among rebels: a Swede in Mexico 1913–1914.
Astrid Lindgren
Lindgren worked as a journalist and secretary before becoming a full-time author.
In the early 1940s, she worked as a secretary for criminalist Harry Söderman; the Norsk biografisk leksikon cites this experience as an inspiration for her fictional detective Bill Bergson.
In 1944, Lindgren won second prize in a competition held by the book publishing company Rabén & Sjögren, with the novel Britt-Marie lättar sitt hjärta (The Confidences of Britt-Marie).
In 1945 she won first prize in the same competition with the chapter book Pippi Långstrump (Pippi Longstocking), which had been rejected by the book publishing company Bonniers.
Wonder why, maybe to close, read as = use a proxy.
Wallenberg-Bonnier is married into each other and business connected on all levels./Bombadil
Rabén & Sjögren published it with illustrations by Ingrid Vang Nyman, the latter's debut in Sweden.
Since then it has become one of the most beloved children's books in the world and has been translated into at least 100 languages.
While Lindgren almost immediately became a much-appreciated writer, the irreverent attitude towards adult authority that distinguishes many of her characters has occasionally drawn the ire of conservatives.
She travelled to America and wrote what became the 1950 book Kati in America as a series of short pieces for the Swedish women's magazine Damernas Värld.
In 1956, the inaugural year of the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis, the German-language edition of Mio, min Mio (Mio, My Son) won the Children's Book Award.
In 1958, Lindgren received the second Hans Christian Andersen Medal for Rasmus på luffen (Rasmus and the Vagabond), a 1956 novel developed from her screenplay and filmed in 1955.
The biennial International Board on Books for Young People, now considered the highest lifetime recognition available to creators of children's books, soon came to be called the Little Nobel Prize.
In her career, she wrote more than 30 books for children.
In 2017, she was calculated to be the world's 18th most translated author.
By 2010, she had sold roughly 167 million books worldwide.
Following Lindgren's death, the government of Sweden instituted the Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award in her memory. The award is the world's largest monetary award for children's and youth literature.
Let us be reminded that Wallenbergs hoist the skull and bones flag every day at HQ, the Malmvik estate.
Ivor Thord-Gray, Mercanary in 13 wars and a Banker.
One of the most unlikely personal carriers in the history of Swedish war volunteers is that of Thord Hallström from Stockholm. During his career, he became, among other things, a major general in both Russian and American service.
In addition, he was a linguist, ethnologist, Native American expert, archaeologist, military theorist, geologist, double world archery champion, multi-millionaire and the one who inspired the author Edgar Rice Burroughs for the legend and books about Tarzan.
Whipped on Dutch bark
In the spring term of 1893, a school-weary Thord Hallström finished his studies at Södra Latin in Stockholm. With his parents' reluctant permission, he went to sea on the full-rigger Abraham Rydberg under Swedish command.
But the following autumn, as a 17-year-old, Hallström was whipped bloody and unconscious by the captain of a Dutch barque for glancing at his daughter.
This shocking experience must have cemented Hallström's distinct sense of justice and social compassion for the rest of his life.
With a shilling and sixpence in his pocket, he left this ship in Cape Town with a light heart:
»South Africa had me in its grip within 24 hours of my arrival. The country drew me irresistibly to its interior and later claimed more than twelve years of the best and perhaps happiest time of my life.»
Second Matabele War in South Africa
In April 1897, Hallström took the first step on a career that would dominate his life: that of a professional soldier.
He signed a contract with the British cavalry regiment Cape Mounted Rifles to be deployed against a local rebellion in South Africa, the so-called Second Matabele War.
He described his feelings in a letter to his brother Gunnar:
»One day I will come back but not until I am an independent man, that will be my life's goal. As fate threw me into this path, that of the warrior, I want to follow it. I am ambitious, brother, I know it, but say nothing.”
In British war service, Ivor Thord-Gray, as he now called himself abroad, was selected as a machine gunner on the then revolutionary new Maxim machine gun.
At the same time, he also received solid training as an artilleryman.
During inspections, he received the highest marks in marksmanship and other military skills, which resulted in a very good relationship with the regimental commander, Colonel Dalgety.
Fierce fighting in the Boer War
The regiment was effectively mounted infantry fighting on foot. Thord-Gray's service during this time consisted mostly of patrolling and guarding without actual combat.
The old tensions in South Africa between the British and the Boers resulted in the autumn of 1899 in the Boer War.
Thord-Gray's regiment was now engaged in fierce fighting against the Boers in the northern Cape Province, something he described in letters home:
"Our cannon fire was opened with the effect of forcing them [the Boers] to retire to a new position in the mountains. They had two 15-pounders but they shot poorly. Out of eighteen shots, only six came close to us. None of them hit. […] I enjoy myself and there has not yet been any fear in the Swedish blood."
After the end of the Boer War in 1902, the now 24-year-old Thord-Gray had two British campaign medals in his bag, distinguished service from the Cape Mounted Rifles and the offer of an officer's commission. But he instead took up employment as a non-commissioned officer in the British elite South African Constabulary, a mounted police force with the aim of putting down local rebellions.
Here, however, he only remained for a year before taking up a post in the British-South African Survey where he resumed a strong youthful interest: archaeology. He also studied geology and the traditions and culture of the native population, an activity he would later deepen in Mexico.
Rebellion in Natal
This peaceful period in young Thord-Gray's life came to an abrupt end in the spring of 1906 when Zulu tribes rebelled against the British in Natal. He now enlisted as a lieutenant in the regiment of Royston's Horse, with 550 mounted infantry, and experienced new dramatic battles.
In the autumn of 1906, he left the regiment as a captain with brilliant wit as the regiment's most skilled squadron leader and "a superior in battle".
As a soldier, Thord-Gray had now reached an unusual breadth: he could fight as an infantryman, a cavalryman and an artilleryman. He was also a good troop trainer with a routine of leading units of upwards of two hundred men into battle and being responsible for their sustenance.
The Legend of Tarzan
During his time in South Africa, in 1906, Thord-Gray told a sensational event to a local reporter in Cape Town: two mounted policemen of the Cape Mounted Police discovered in the bush a few years earlier a little white boy running on all fours in a herd of baboons. When the boy was about to follow the herd up a steep cliff, he lost his grip and died in the fall.
A few years earlier, a boy in a pram had suddenly disappeared in the same area.
The story became the prelude to the legend of Tarzan - the boy who was raised among baboons - and it is very likely that author Edgar Rice Burroughs was inspired for the Tarzan novels by Ivor Thord-Gray's story.
Fought insurgents in the Philippines
In search of new wars, Thord-Gray traveled to the Far East in 1907 where he became a captain in the Philippine Constabulary, an American police unit that fought Philippine rebels.
His long-term ambitions can be seen in a letter to his relatives in Sweden that same year:
I will study the armies of different countries, their methods in peace and war. My only wish is that when the time comes I shall be worthy to draw my sword for old Sweden and make her useful.
Pancho villa in Mexico
When revolution broke out in Mexico in 1913, it did not pass Thord-Gray. Via San Francisco, on November 19, 1913, he crossed the border over the Rio Grande to try to meet the leader of the Mexican rebels, Pancho Villa.
After first being accused of being a "gringo spy", Thord-Gray excelled with a demonstration of his skill as an artilleryman:
- "Pancho Villa stepped forward and gave me a Mexican embrace ( abrazo ). The words and joy poured out of his mouth. A few minutes later he appointed me his chief of artillery with the rank of first captain ( capitan primero )."
Thord-Gray had a brisk career in Mexico as an artillery officer, troop trainer, chief of staff and mentor to various revolutionary generals.
That Thord-Gray's efforts in Mexico became known in the country was evidenced by Sweden's royal couple during their state visit in the early 2000s.
The president of Mexico enthusiastically mentioned Ivor Thord-Gray as the Swede who not only fought with Pancho Villa but also translated the Tarahumara language.
The author Joakim Langer has described the situation:
King Carl Gustaf and Queen Silvia are said to have looked somewhat wondering and thoughtful. Of course, they had never heard of the fantastic Swede, but they certainly held the color.
Handbook of trench warfare
After the European powder keg burst in the First World War, Thord-Gray arrived in Britain in October 1914. Thanks to his previous British war service in South Africa and good contacts at the War Office in London, he was appointed major and assistant battalion commander in the famous regiment Northumberland Fusiliers.
In the summer of 1915, he became the commander of a fighting battalion in France. However, Thord-Gray quickly established that British trench warfare tactics were clearly substandard.
Outdated fighting methods resulted in unnecessary casualties.
Against his background as a professional soldier and surveyor, Thord-Gray produced both reliable maps of his battalion's trenches and also published a revolutionary instruction book, Trench Routine Orders , which dealt with modern trench warfare tactics.
His manual described tactical rules for both offensive and defensive warfare: for example, the use of battle gas, machine gun tactics, sectional attacks against the enemy by one's own troops, penetration of enemy trench systems, and rational supply of supplies and ammunition.
Left the British Army
Thord-Gray's fellow British officers and his brigadier general had never heard of such a thing and now accused him of disloyalty to the customary royal rules of engagement and of waging war on his own accord. It resulted
in him resigning from the British Army in October 1915, which may have saved his life given the carnage the Western Front was developing into.
Cossacks prepare an attack with the 1st Siberian Storm Division of which Thord-Gray, standing with gun holster, was deputy commander. September 7, 1919, near Petropavl in today's Kazakhstan.
Thord-Gray received an indirect vindication when the divisional commander, General Babington, decided in the autumn of 1915 that Thord-Gray's methods would be introduced within the entire division section and later on large parts of the British Western Front.
For the Whites in the Russian Civil War
The chaotic conditions of the Russian Revolution of 1917–18 brought a dozen different armed conflicts into the ruins of the Tsar's empire. When the Bolsheviks, the Russian Communist Party, took power in November 1917 via a coup d'état in Petrograd against Kerensky's government, the great powers decided to intervene.
Canadian troops took part in an Allied expeditionary force to Siberia and on its staff Ivor Thord-Gray was found as lieutenant-colonel and intelligence officer.
In December 1918 he and other troop units arrived in Vladivostok to later become involved in the politically and militarily chaotic conditions in Siberia where the White anti-Bolshevik troops were led by Admiral Kolchak.
Thord-Gray's cooperation with these Russian units was so appreciated by Koltjak's generals that he was asked to go into Russian service where, as a colonel in the Russian cavalry, he became chief of staff to General Gajda.
Head of Siberian Storm Division
In May 1919, Thord-Gray became deputy commander of the 1st Siberian Storm Division. However, Kolchak's armies increasingly suffered from a lack of discipline and a corrupt officer corps that mostly indulged in vodka and visiting brothels.
Using his experiences as a British battalion commander, Thord-Gray restored the fighting ability of his division by establishing his headquarters close behind the main front line:
-"I found [the Russian] soldiers far colder and more dignified in the line of fire than the officers.
When the squad heard that the division headquarters were only a few hundred yards behind them, when the counter-attack was to be launched, cheers were made and the whole line charged against a large number of machine guns.
The good spirits of the troops had returned only because of the knowledge that their officers were with them."
For his efforts in Siberia, Thord-Gray received hereditary Russian nobility and in November 1919 was promoted to major general in the White Russian Army.
Banker in New York
However, the Bolsheviks increasingly gained the upper hand in Siberia and on February 3, 1920, the now 42-year-old Thord-Gray left Vladivostok for the United States.
From 1924 he worked as a successful banker in New York and in 1926 married the rich banker's daughter Josephine Toerge.
In 1935 he was appointed a major general in the US Army and chief of staff to the governor of Florida, a position that was primarily honorary in nature. His time on the world's battlefield was over.
Adventurous
When considering Thord-Gray's life, the natural question arises as to what drove him to spend more or less half a life as a merchant traveler in war. That his private life was complicated to say the least probably contributed to Thord-Gray's restless search for new wars. Only at the age of 55, after four failed marriages, did he experience a harmonious marriage.
In his memoirs, he writes that fate brought him into the warrior's path, but that his driving force was also ambition.
That he met his eldest son for the first time when he was a grown man of 45 undoubtedly casts a tragic light on an otherwise successful life.
Never in the Swedish army
On an autumn day in September 1965, a unique human destiny ended when Ivor Thord-Gray was laid to rest in the Sandsborg cemetery south of Stockholm.
To see him only as a mercenary would be to misunderstand his complex multi-personality.
This gunpowder warrior had a big heart for people and was also famous as a philanthropist and recognized scientist.
Thord Hallström, the most war-experienced Swede in the 20th century, however, never wore a Swedish uniform.
Military History 1/207](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/F-HFDc6WcAE0o8S.png)
@hooeem God Jul! 🥰
@hooeem Nice cheering for you! I have my exit planned for next time I’m getting sick. Doesn’t happen often tho 😅
@enur72 Snyggt! 😅
@OleOestlid I boken, landet som blev för rikt tar holte upp det. Investeringsviljan i Norge är inte direkt på topp och trenden dalar nedåt. Anledning som beskrivs är osäkerhet ang regleringar och avtal som gång på gång blivit brutna. 😬
@KarlOStrom Banger 😂
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