✴️Osborn waves a/k/a J waves- are positive deflections (humps or notches) on the ECG seen at the junction (J point) between the QRS complex & the ST segment.
∆ Pathophysiology-:
• Caused by a transmural voltage gradient due to heterogeneous early repolarization in ventricular epicardium versus endocardium, mainly influenced by transient outward potassium current (Ito).
• Hypothermia exaggerates this effect.
∆ Appearance-:
• They appear as dome-shaped, upward deflections on the terminal part of the QRS complex, best observed in inferior (II, III, aVF) & precordial leads.
📍Classical Association-:
• M/C seen in hypothermia (core temperature usually < 30°C), but not pathognomonic.
• Also seen in other conditions like hypercalcemia, brain injury, myocardial ischemia & certain cardiac syndromes.
A distinct J-wave on ECG often associated with hypothermia, but also seen in early repolarisation, hypercalcemia, traumatic brain injury and sepsis.
When it appears in a cold, bradycardic patient, it signals increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Prioritise controlled rewarming.
🛑 Ramsay Hunt Syndrome (Herpes Zoster Oticus)
🔷️ Reactivation of VZV in the geniculate ganglion
🔷️ Causes ipsilateral LMN facial nerve palsy
🔷️ Vesicular rash over external ear / pinna / ear canal
🔷️ Severe otalgia (ear pain) is common
🔷️ Loss of taste over anterior 2/3 of tongue (CN VII involvement)
🔷️ May cause hyperacusis (due to stapedius muscle paralysis)
🔷️ Treatment: Acyclovir + Prednisolone started early improves recovery.