MedBoardEssentials

Clear, concise medical notes to help you pass the medical board exams ⚕️📝 Simplifying complex concepts, one post at a time ✨

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: consequence of prenatal alcohol exposure associated with growth restriction, characteristic facial features, and neurodevelopmental impairment.
-No amount of alcohol is known to be safe during pregnancy!
#fypシ #education #pregnancy #mother #Baby #alcohol

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narrowing of the aortic valve causing left ventricular pressure overload and concentric hypertrophy.

Clinical pearl: A crescendo–decrescendo systolic murmur radiating to the carotids. Classic symptoms: angina, syncope, and dyspnea.

#health #medicine #fypシ #education #Heart

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Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM):

Clinical pearl: New-onset dyspnea, orthopnea, or edema in the peripartum period warrants evaluation for heart failure. Echocardiography typically shows LVEF <45%.

#learnontiktok #health #medicine #fypシ #education #pregnancy #mother

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Gastroparesis:
delayed gastric emptying without mechanical obstruction.

Clinical pearl: Early satiety, nausea, and vomiting of undigested food → suspect gastroparesis. Confirm with a gastric emptying study.

#learnontiktok #health #medicine #fypシ #education #diabetes

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Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD):
an inherited phagocyte disorder caused by NADPH oxidase dysfunction, impairing the respiratory burst and intracellular killing of catalase-positive organisms.

#fypシ #health #medicine #education #Infection #lungs #pediatrics #immunesystem

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Empyema:
Accumulation of pus in the pleural space, usually as a complication of pneumonia. Presents with fever, pleuritic chest pain, and dyspnea.

Clinical pearl: it requires antibiotics and drainage of the infected pleural space.

#fypシ #health #medicine #education #Infection

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Osteomalacia:
Defective mineralization of bone in adults, most commonly due to vitamin D deficiency. Presents with bone pain, proximal muscle weakness, and increased fracture risk.

#learnontiktok #fypシ #health #medicine #bones #Vitamin

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Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID): T-cell deficiency with impaired B-cell function, resulting in severe defects in cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Infants present with recurrent opportunistic infections, chronic diarrhea, and failure to thrive.

#fypシ #Baby #health

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Neonatal Thyrotoxicosis :
Due to transplacental TSH-receptor antibodies from maternal Graves disease.
Clinical pearl: Persistent neonatal tachycardia + maternal Graves disease → check thyroid function and TRAb.

#health #learnontiktok #fypシ #medicine #pregnancy #Baby #education

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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: lymphoblast proliferation → bone marrow failure → anemia, infections, and bleeding. Recognize the presentation and confirm with bone marrow evaluation.
#fyp #health #learnitontiktok #education #Medical

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Avascular necrosis: ischemia → bone infarction → structural collapse. The femoral head is most commonly affected. Recognize the risk factors and clinical presentation early. #MedEd #Orthopedics #medboardessentials #typ #health

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Antiphospholipid Syndrome:
Diagnostic Criteria requires ≥1 clinical criterion (thrombosis or defined pregnancy morbidity) and ≥1 positive antibody test: lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, or anti-β₂-glycoprotein I.

#medicaleducation #medicine #health #fypシ

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Presentation in children based on age agroup:
Toddlers: feeding difficulties, refusal, weight loss
School-aged: vomiting, abdominal pain
Adolescent: same as adult
Management is the same + feeding therapy for maladaptive feeding behaviours
#fyp #LearnItOnTikTok #health #education

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Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) ; ischemic or nephrotoxic tubular injury causing intrinsic AKI.

Clinical pearl: AKI + muddy brown granular casts → think ATN.

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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Infants of Diabetic Mothers:
maternal hyperglycemia → fetal hyperinsulinemia → myocardial hypertrophy,
Infants may develop respiratory distress, a systolic murmur, or left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

#health #fyp #medicine #Baby

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Herpangina vs Herpetic Gingivostomatitis:
Herpangina: posterior oral vesicles and ulcers. Herpetic gingivostomatitis: diffuse painful oral lesions with inflamed, swollen, often bleeding gums, typically caused by HSV-1.

#health #learnontiktok #fypシ #medicine #Infection

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Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR): Symmetric FGR: proportionate reduction in head, abdomen, and overall fetal size. Asymmetric FGR:disproportionate growth, with relative head sparing and a smaller abdominal circumference. Recognizing the pattern helps guide evaluation and management

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Parapneumonic effusion:

simple vs complicated: know the pleural fluid findings that determine when antibiotics are enough and when drainage is required.

#health #fypシ #medicine #emergency

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Causes of hypercapnia:

Think alveolar hypoventilation. Key causes include COPD, CNS depression, neuromuscular weakness, chest wall disorders, and severe obesity. Identify the underlying cause to guide management.

#medicaleducation #fypageシ゚ #health #emergency #medicina

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS):

progressive neuro degeneration affecting both upper and lower motor neurons. Progressive weakness, muscle atrophy, fasciculations, spasticity, and hyperreflexia, with preserved sensation.

#medicaleducation #neurology #als #health #usmle