To be happy, you must eliminate two things: the fear of a bad future and the memory of a bad past.
- Seneca
Seneca (4 BC–65 AD), the Roman Stoic philosopher and advisor to Emperor Nero, believed that much of human suffering is self-inflicted.
In Letters to Lucilius, he wrote, “we suffer more often in imagination than in reality,” suggesting that fear of future misfortune often causes more distress than the misfortune itself. To Seneca, anxiety over what might happen reflected a failure to accept fate and the natural order. The Stoics taught that events beyond our control should be met with calm and reason. What matters is not always what happens, but how we choose to respond.
Seneca also warned against becoming prisoners of the past. In On the Shortness of Life, he argued that people waste their limited time by dwelling on what has already happened or constantly worrying about what comes next. The past is fixed and beyond our control, and repeatedly reliving it through regret or resentment only takes us further away from the present.
This did not mean forgetting the past or abandoning plans for the future. Rather, Seneca believed that becoming emotionally trapped by past suffering or future fears robs us of tranquility. His philosophy emphasized living according to reason, accepting mortality, and recognizing time as our most valuable possession.
For Seneca, freedom from fear and regret was not indifference. It was the ability to master our thoughts, focus on the present, and remain in control of our response to whatever life brings.
Søren Kierkegaard on the Importance of Walking
“Above all, do not lose your desire to walk. Everyday, I walk myself into a state of well-being & walk away from every illness. I have walked myself into my best thoughts, and I know of no thought so burdensome that one cannot walk away from it. But by sitting still, & the more one sits still, the closer one comes to feeling ill. Thus if one just keeps on walking, everything will be all right.”
“Above all, do not lose your desire to walk.”
- Søren Kierkegaard
Søren Kierkegaard wrote these words in an 1847 letter to his ailing sister-in-law, emphasizing that walking was essential not only for physical health but also for mental clarity. The Danish philosopher, who was known for his daily walks through the streets of Copenhagen, believed that constant movement was one of the best remedies for existential anxiety and mental stagnation.
By saying he could walk away from even his heaviest thoughts, Kierkegaard portrayed walking as more than a simple distraction. He saw it as a powerful way to work through grief, anxiety, and life’s most difficult questions. His words remain a timeless reminder that physical movement can inspire emotional and intellectual progress, while remaining still can leave us feeling trapped.