Appeal to Authority example:
“If you’re trying to get at me as a public health official and scientist, you’re really attacking not only Dr. Anthony Fauci, you are attacking science.”
~ Anthony Fauci
To Quoque example:
Rules for thee, but not for me.
Bernie Sanders says Americans worship wealth rather than caring for the poor, but he owns three houses. Why should we listen to his economic policies?
Hypocritical real estate holdings don’t invalidate the argument.
@Fluffy_product@ivaivayoshi@HarrisonHSmith Do you want to dive into the Spanish colony and the Taino people before the French or are we starting at the Treaty of Ryswick?
Informal Fallacy - Tu Quoque “You too”
Dismissing criticism by pointing out that the opponent does the same thing.
An opponent’s hypocrisy might make them a hypocrite, but it does NOT make their core argument logically false.
Informal Fallacies - Ad Hominem
Attacking the person making the argument rather than the argument itself.
“You can’t expect anything else from a bunch of impoverished, leftist parasites who only know how to live off the state.”
~ Javier Milei
Informal Fallacies are when the logic seems sound at first but the content is misleading, false, or irrelevant. To spot informal fallacies you actually have to listen to the argument.
Look at the MEANING of the words and claims to see if they are deceptive, false or off topic.
Formal fallacies are errors in the structure or the arrangement of the logic. You can spot a formal fallacy without even knowing what the argument is about.
If it rains, the ground gets wet. The ground is wet, so it must have rained.
Ignores all other possible causes.
Example:
Facial recognition is 99% accurate at flagging known terrorists. If someone is flagged they are almost certainly a terrorist!
Error: Known terrorists are infinitesimally smaller than 1% of passengers. Even a 99.9% rate would produce thousands of false positives.
Formal Fallacy-Base Rate Fallacy
“Ignoring statistical base rates in favor of specific instance information.”
This means a situation is being evaluated through specific eye-catching details while ignoring the background statistics.
@skiffpusher@HarrisonHSmith You’re correct he did. Civilian massacres are wholly amoral in my opinion. Is your argument that this massacre has been the cause of contemporary instability? Do you want to make a debate claim and we can discuss? I am not an expert and I’d be happy to learn or proven wrong.
@JwQueck@HarrisonHSmith Do we need to define terms? I’m saying that it’s ideological because the belief that the U.S. is inherently morally cannot be empirically defined or proven. I don’t think that everyone on the world views is as a leader of freedom. Can you define global leader and innovation?
@WarlordTomII@HarrisonHSmith I did read a book! It was about Papa Doc and Baby Doc and Duvalierism. It’s called: Haiti, State Against Nation. I also read the declassified state department documents about the Occupation. I can provide links to my sources! All in good faith bother!
Fallacy of the Undistributed Middle Example:
Hamas wants Israel to stop bombing Gaza. Anti-War advocates want Hamas to stop bombing Gaza. Therefore, anti-war advocates are Hamas.
Formal Fallacy- Fallacy of the Undistributed Middle.
Assuming two things sharing common traits are identical.
Example: All cats have fur. All bears have fur, therefore, all bears are cats.
@JwQueck@HarrisonHSmith Interesting! I disagree but I’d love to have a calm productive conversation. I think that American exceptionalism is ideological propaganda because historically we engage in double standards. We apply this rhetoric to the people while engaging in standard imperialism.
@WarlordTomII@HarrisonHSmith When you shared a meme describing me as a liberal do you care to define terms? Also, would you care to share your sources apart from the meme?