@maybe_almost_@dcoya64 The epic’s rulers map directly onto real Mycenaean city-states whose ruins you can still visit: Agamemnon at Mycenae, Nestor at Pylos, Ithaca, Sparta and the Trojan conflicts echoed in Hittite records. Fixating on Achilles is the cheapest reduction.
Let me repeat myself clearly. This model is a misleading impression depending on the references chosen. Bronze Age Anatolians were genetically very close to Mycenaeans, both carrying high levels of the same ancient Neolithic farmer ancestry (Lazaridis et al. Nature 2017), so a large portion often gets assigned to the Anatolian proxy. As a result the direct Mycenaean share appears smaller than it might otherwise. The result still points to substantial continuity from the Bronze Age.
You see those admixtures and your understanding is that the average Turk in Turkey is closer to a Turkmen rather than Greeks? Also in your Greek model, you have used a lot of collinearity, Mycenaean is already 70-80% Anatolian, as the Ancient Greeks and Italic people where Anatolian Neolithic Farmers who migrated to Europe. Phrygians (closest language to Greek), remigrated from the Balkans back to Anatolia.
Modern Turks, on average, have 30% Turkic DNA. Turks in general carry mostly Turkic and Anatolian DNA, which is common in Oghuz Turks. The only difference is that Turks tend to have lower Zagros DNA and higher Anatolian DNA. Turkmens, for example, are genetically closer to Turkish people than they are to Kazakhs or Uyghurs
PCA mathematically distorts distances, it is accurate and great for clustering, but this picture doesn’t show what you want it to depict.
For example, consider a German who has 10% sub-saharian African DNA, because that component is SO distinct, a PCA will give a huge weight to it, in one of the new coordinates, and hence show him insanely isolated, despite being 90% identical with the rest of the group.
Modern Turks have between 15-30% Turkic DNA, in comparison modern Greeks have between 10-30% Slavic DNA, however nobody calls them, nor themselves identify as Slavic people.
Muhammad created a religion that said to Christians: Your Jesus is real, your Mary is holy, and your scriptures contain revelation, but your theology became corrupted, and my revelation now corrects it. That’s an extremely effective tactic if the goal is absorbing previous religions without submitting to their authority.
One could argue this was part of the tactic, given the result and given that the Quran denies a historical fact now established beyond reasonable doubt: Jesus was crucified. What you think?
"The Greek race... occupies the middle position geographically... for it is both spirited and intelligent."
- Aristotle
Full quote by Aristotle:
"The nations inhabiting the cold places and those of Europe are full of spirit but somewhat deficient in intelligence and skill, so that they continue comparatively free, but lacking in political organization and capacity to rule their neighbors. The peoples of Asia on the other hand are intelligent and skillful in temperament, but lack spirit, so that they are in continuous subjection and slavery. But the Greek race participates in both characters, just as it occupies the middle position geographically, for it is both spirited and intelligent; hence it continues to be free and to have very good political institutions, and to be capable of ruling all mankind if it attains constitutional unity."