With climate, perspective over time is important. This graph shows estimated global average surface air temperatures for the last couple thousand years based on ice core proxies and since 1850 in red based on temperature measurements. Source:
https://t.co/rUQ0UtjbM3
Severe thunderstorm yesterday evening dumped 2.6" rain with wind gusts 60+ mph extrapolated to 10m from our poorly exposed backyard weather station anemometer at ~2m. No hail thankfully. Reports of trees down in nearby Georgetown TX. Will survey neighborhood on walk this morning.
Just updated daily CFSR global surface air temperature graph thru May 15 and added NCEI and GISS to monthly graph thru April. Overall downward trend continues since Hunga Tonga induced peak in late 2023. Looming El Niño may produce a big peak later this year and into early 2027.
8000 BC: "Plants are what we eat when the hunt fails."
3000 BC: "Grain and vegetables are what we feed the slaves."
500 BC: "Lentils and barley are the diet of the poor."
100 AD: "Bread and circuses for the mob. The legions get meat."
1200s: "Pottage and roots are what the serf gets. The lord eats venison."
1700s: "Vegetables and porridge are what the starving eat."
1800s: "The Irish are surviving on potatoes. The landlords are exporting the beef."
1900s: "Plants and grain are wartime filler. We're rationing the real food."
1950s: "Plants are cheap. Feed them to the poor."
1970s: "Plants should be the BASE of the pyramid. This is science."
1990s: "Plant-based is emerging as extremely healthy, actually."
2010s: "Plant-based is optimal. Meat is the problem."
2020s: "Plant-based is saving the planet!"
2025: "Plant-based is the healthiest diet on earth. The science is settled."
You: noticing that the diet currently being sold as enlightened and optimal is the same one every ruling class in recorded history fed to the people it was trying to keep weak, compliant, and grateful.
CO₂ is a footnote in a planetary engineering system that can move miles of ice across continents based on sheer orbital mechanics and oceanic inertia.
These are the foundational structural factors driving our world's global 'climate' - not CO₂. The Earth's muscles are built on a restless tectonic global framework, floating over a colossal boiling magma ocean. As these plates move over time, the geography and powerful ocean currents all change course. The atmosphere is a distant consequence of landform shifts, ocean dynamics and now biological life.
The rise of cellular life and production of oxygen are all entirely biological, based on cyanobacteria, CO₂, sunlight, water and nutrients. But weathering, the demands of new life, eternally shifting landforms and endless storms have reduced CO₂ from levels that were once several thousands parts per million to only around 420 ppm today. This essential component of biological life also creates oxygen and supports every food chain on Earth in a slow but steady dance.
Our habitable planet is profoundly shaped by the intermittent anomalies of Earth's orbit, identified by Serbian mathematician Milutin Milanković. Orbital fluctuations dictate the distribution of solar energy - known as insolation. They are eccentricity, axial tilt (obliquity) and precession, the primary drivers of the glacial-interglacial 'yo-yo' effect of the last 2.6 million years (the Quaternary). The cycles provide the 'timing', while things like 'oceanic inertia' provide the magnitude.
Earth's ceaselessly shifting biosphere and its storms and weather patterns isn't because of CO₂ - a single atmosphere trace gas - it's structural. It's planetary. The Earth is an oceanic planet. It's a living world of moving landscapes, ocean currents and air, all supporting a thriving global infrastructure of biology.
Structure and engineering reshaped the world's blueprint. Amid these myriad threads was the global decline of CO₂ as a component of the atmosphere. The massive uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the rise of the Himalayas 55 mya were caused by the tectonic impact of the Indian subcontinent. This was chemical weathering in action—silicate rocks reacting with rainwater—which didn't just change wind patterns, it created a geological vacuum.
But the climate always changes over time, and always has. Earth's engineering backup system began to readjust to long-term cooling when the Eocene ended (56 to 33.9 million years ago). Tectonic shifts opened up the equatorial waterway Drake Passage 30-35 million years ago, creating the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and thermally isolating the south pole, thus initiating the growth of ice sheets. As it was virtually landlocked anyway, the Arctic followed suit. We are still living in this same ice age scenario.
The Antarctica became ice covered 34 million years ago due to parallel events. The closure of the Isthmus of Panama and the drifting of the continents 3 million years ago also interrupted the equatorial 'warm belt' flow.
These processes slowed tropical currents reaching the poles, fundamentally altered the ocean's conveyor belt (the Thermohaline Circulation) and reshaped climate. These tectonic shifts didn't just change wind patterns; they activated a weathering process that has been sucking CO₂ out of the atmosphere ever since.
What we measure over hundreds of millions of years - since the Cambrian Explosion - is clear and concerning evidence of CO₂ starvation.
We must be looking at the wrong end of the telescope by ignoring the biological and structural engineering of a thriving planet.
@PeterDClack Also on a shorter annual time scale, because Earth's orbit is slightly elliptical, solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere varies by 6.8% each year and is highest in early January and lowest in July.
https://t.co/sJsn3mKaRU
This is something most people don’t know, so let me explain
Before Islam existed, much of the Middle East was Christian
Asia Minor (modern Turkey) was Christian. Syria was Christian. Egypt was Christian. Iraq was Christian. Lebanon was Christian. Palestine was Christian. Jordan was Christian. Parts of North Africa like Libya, Morocco and Tunisia were Christian. Antioch, Alexandria, and Edessa were among the greatest centers of Christian learning in the world
These places were arguably more central to early Christianity than Europe. The apostles preached there. The earliest churches were built there, and many of the Church Fathers came from these lands
Then in the 7th century, Islamic armies expanded out of Arabia. The wars were brutal, cities were taken by force, and the entire political and religious structure of the region changed. Christians who had once been the majority were gradually reduced to second class citizens
Within a few decades they conquered Syria, Egypt, Iraq, and Persia. Within a century they controlled most of the Christian Middle East and North Africa
Most Christians were forced to convert, others fled, and some lived as second-class citizens
That's what's going to happen soon if we don't stop them
Increasing CO2 is good for greening the earth.
CO2 has very minor effect on temperature.
A warmer world with more plant greenery is good.
But we are still in the Quaternary Ice Age.
Just a matter of time before next glacial max.
https://t.co/T7pVa4uiMB
A modest 1.4-degree rise in 200 years and the return of CO2 should not be seen as a crisis at all.
This is a climatic restoration taking place around us. Life has always flourished during warmer greenhouse periods compared with the brutal scarcity of icehouse conditions. These are the defining features of the rise of the successful dinosaurian and mammalian epochs.
We have missed the entire point of a soaring greening world that is still in recovery mode from the Late Cenozoic Icehouse state, which began 34 million years ago with the glaciation of Antarctica. We're seeing a new greening flush across the world. NASA’s satellite data reveals the extent of this fresh reality; an increase in CO2 has acted as a global fertiliser.
This greening isn't aesthetic; it represents increased biomass and carbon sequestration by plants that are becoming more water-efficient due to higher CO2 levels.
Solar and wind *energy* are green and sustainable.
However, current methods to generate electricity from that energy are NOT clean, green, or sustainable.
Wake up to reality.
Massive mining, toxic waste, and disposal issues are the reality for large scale production.
If you look beneath the surface of a wind turbine or an EV battery, you will not find anything remotely green.
Instead, you will notice a massive increase in high-impact mining for white gold (lithium), cobalt and rare earth elements. This all takes place out of sight and out of mind.
As of 2026, researchers note that 'digging deeper for longer' is the new mining catchcry. We're chasing ever lower-grade ores to meet net zero quotas.
The actual legacy includes the rising slag heaps of toxic waste (tailings) and thousands of new child miners.