Target Spacing: The amount of time between blocks on average. The difficulty adjusts to keep the frequency of blocks close to the target. Peercoin has a 10 minute PoS block spacing and a 1 hour PoW block spacing, for a total spacing of 8.57 minutes.
Block Reward: When a new block is found it includes a special #coinbase transaction that creates new coin. In Peercoin, block rewards can come from either proof of work or proof of stake blocks.
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Stake: Coin that is leveraged to find blocks in a proof of stake network. Peercoin uses coin-age, or coins held over time, that is consumed in order to securely build the blockchain chronology. Coins are not consumed in this process, only their #coinage.
Blockheight: The number of blocks preceding a specified block. Can also refer to the total number of blocks in a chain. If there are two valid blocks produced at the same block height, one must be orphaned to continue the chain.
Difficulty: The threshold for a valid block hash. When blocks come too fast or too slow, this parameter adjusts to regulate the block speed. The difficulty thereby measures the approximate hashrate of the network on average.
Minting: The act of making a block via proof of stake. While in Peercoin minting and staking are synonymous, in some networks minting is delegated to a representative, and most of the coinholders themselves are merely staking, not minting.
block_subsidy = 9999 / PoW_difficulty ^ (1/4). From abother angle (approx): Reward^4 * PoW_diff = 10^12. The self-limiting behavior ensures that snowballing energy usage is not economically favorable.
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