The problem with Abitbol is that he analyzes surnames of Arma Timbuktu *dignitaries: not their entire population.
Indeed, Michel acknowledges that Moroccan tribal affiliations developed into new forms of Arma identity: its modern people going by the Sahelian patronym of Touré.
A forgotten Manding diaspora, The Wangara/Dyula of Northern 🇳🇬 (Part 1):
When we talk about the Manding world, we stop at Mali, Guinea, or Burkina Faso. We forget that the Manding went much further east.
For over 700 years, Manding merchants, scholars and clerics known as the Wangara or Dyula have lived in Northern Nigeria - in Kano, Katsina, Sokoto, and Borno. Kano Preserves a particularly important memory of their essence
Two texts are very essential.
Manding (Bambara,Malinké,Dioula, and khassonke ) are found in these countries of west Africa:
Mali 🇲🇱
Gambia 🇬🇲
Guinea 🇬🇳
Senegal 🇸🇳
Guinea Bissau🇬🇼
Sierra Leone 🇸🇱
Liberia 🇱🇷
Ghana 🇬🇭
Mauritania 🇲🇷
Togo 🇹🇬
Benin 🇧🇯
Nigeria 🇳🇬
Niger 🇳🇪
Ivory Coast 🇨🇮
Burkina Faso 🇧🇫
Echoes of Samory Touré’s Wassoulou Calvary 🐎 ⚔️:
Decades after Samory Touré’s death, this footage reflects the enduring equestrian traditions of the Manding world. Samory’s Wassoulou state maintained an organized cavalry that fought French expansion in West Africa.
@FarbaSaghmanja Right but these men are Dyula and Niger is one of the countries where Dioula people are found and trade spread them across west Africa.