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Polity Short Notes

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First Factories of European in India

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Chhatrapati Shivaji MaharajAshtapradhan ( Ministers)

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World History Short Notes

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Parts of Indian Constitution

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Top Producing states of Milk, wools etc.

Important for State PSC Exams.

Source:- Animal Husbandry statistics (BAHS) 2025

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🔆Mughal Paintings :

✅ Mughal painting echoes an elite mixture of Indian, Persian and Islamic styles.
✅ The Mughal paintings are developed during the rule of Mughal Emperors in India (16th to 19th century).
✅ The themes of the Mughal paintings orbited around the battles, court scenes, receptions, legendary stories, hunting scenes, wildlife, portraits, etc.

▪️History:

✅ The earliest example of the Mughal style is the Tutinama (‘Tales of a Parrot’) Painting.
✅Indian Mughal paintings emerged during the rule of Mughal Emperor, Humayun (1530-1540).
✅ When he returned to India from the outcast, he additionally brought along two eminent Persian artists, Mir-Sayyid Ali and Abd-us-samad.
✅ Mughal paintings of India advanced as well as flourished under the reign of Mughal Emperors, Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan.

Growth of Mughal Painting

▪️Akbar

✅ Mughal painting has advanced largely in the reign of Akbar
✅ The paintings are usually based on tales and epics like the Mahabharata, Ramayana and Persian epics.
✅ It also started demonstrating an enriched naturalism, with animal tales, landscape, portraits, etc.
✅ Akbar established a separate department for painting.
✅ He started the concept of Karkhana.
✅ Indian painters were also present in karkhana. That’s why there is Indian influence in the paintings.
✅ Famous painters of that time are Dashwant, Baswan and Kesu.
✅ Most of the paintings during Akbar’s reign were miniature paintings.

▪️Jahangir

✅ Mughal Emperor Jahangir ruled from 1605 to 1627
He stretched great support to several art forms, specifically paintings.
✅ This era has seen enhancement in brushwork, along with the usage of much lighter and subdued colors.
✅ The main themes of this era’s paintings were revolved around the events from the life of Jahangir’s, along with portraits, birds, flowers, animals, etc.
✅ He also started the portrait paintings.
✅ Decoration of margins started from his time.
✅ He also has his own workshop for painting.
✅ One of the famous painters of that time was Ustad Mansoor.
✅ And famous paintings of that time are zebra, Turkey, and Maulana-do-Pyaza.

▪️Shah Jahan :

✅ The elegance and modification of the Jahangir period were seen at the time of Shah Jahan also.
✅ The themes were musical parties, lovers on terraces and gardens, ascetics gathered around a fire, etc.

▪️Decline :

✅ The trend that was seen amid the season of Shah Jahan was also found under the reign of Aurangzeb.
✅Be that as it may, the Aurangzeb did not pay too much attention to the development of the Mughal paintings.
✅ The period of Muhammad Shah did experience a short revitalization of the Mughal paintings.
✅ With the onset of Shah Alam II, the art almost became non-existent and alternative school of painting, recognized as Rajput paintings, started developing.

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DPSP mindmap

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🇮🇳🇷🇺 𝗜𝗡𝗦 𝗦𝗔𝗛𝗬𝗔𝗗𝗥𝗜 𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗦 𝗜𝗡 𝗥𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗔 𝗙𝗢𝗥 𝗘𝗫𝗘𝗥𝗖𝗜𝗦𝗘 𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗥𝗔-𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲

🔹 𝗔𝗿𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹: INS Sahyadri arrived at Vladivostok, Russia, on 10 October 2026.

🔹 𝗘𝘅𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗶𝘀𝗲 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀: 13–18 October 2026.

🔹 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗮𝗻𝘁𝘀: Indian Navy and Russian Federation Navy (RuFN).

🔹 𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲: Enhance maritime cooperation, operational coordination and interoperability.

🔹 𝗘𝘅𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗶𝘀𝗲 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁: Harbour-phase engagements followed by coordinated naval operations at sea.

🔹 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗰 𝗦𝗶𝗴𝗻𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲: Strengthens the longstanding India–Russia defence and maritime partnership.

🔹 𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗔𝗦𝗔���𝗔𝗥 𝗩𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻: Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions.

🔹 𝗗𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘅𝘁: Builds on the 23rd India–Russia Annual Summit held on 4–5 December 2025.

🔹 𝗖𝘂𝗹𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀: Social and cultural interactions will foster camaraderie and people-to-people connections.

[Ajay Kumar @drajaykumar_ias]

The UPSC Centenary Commemorative Coin, released by the Hon PM Narendra Modi during the Centenary Celebrations, is now available thru India Govt Mint
🔗 https://t.co/hG3TaM9vuAसंघ-लोक-सेवा-आयोग-i-union-public-service-commission-booklet-fgco002224/
A memento of a landmark.

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Political parties and their year of establishment

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Short Notes on all 5 Writes

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Any professional UPSC Content Maker here?

Looking for someone who can create GS Notes & Prelims/Mains Tests.

Interested? DM me.

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Chronology Important for UP PCS, BPSC and other state PSC exams.