According to the September 2025 UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry report, Israel committed four of the five acts in Gaza: (a) killing members (tens of thousands of deaths per Gaza Health Ministry and Lancet studies estimating 75,000+ violent deaths), (b) serious bodily/mental harm, (c) inflicting conditions of life calculated to destroy the group in part, and (d) measures intended to prevent births. No finding on (e). Israel rejects all as baseless, citing self-defense against Hamas after Oct 7, 2023, and no genocidal intent. ICJ case ongoing, no final ruling.