Adam Preocanin

General nause & hair growth expert. Red team.

[Claire Lehmann @clairlemon]

The most comprehensive explainer you will find on XY athletes, the performance enhancing effects of testosterone, the conflict with the IBA, and what the IOC has done wrong.

By Law Prof & elite athlete Doriane Coleman for @Quillette
https://t.co/I4HaXeBEP2

[pagliacci the hated 🌝 @Slatzism]

I absolutely despise essay-posting but as the co-owner of the outlet (@reduxx) that broke the news about Khelif and Lin and started this wildfire, I feel compelled to put to bed some of the bullshit surrounding this story.

A rapid-fire FAQ:

1. "L & K are just women with high testosterone!"

Khelif and Lin were never tested for their testosterone levels.

The claims that they were disqualified from the 2023 Women's World Boxing Championship due to simple testosterone abnormalities were made by their respective national sporting bodies, who, obviously, have some motivation to lie here.

2. "L & K have female ID!"

Khelif and Lin are not believed to be transgender, and @reduxx made that VERY clear in our July 28 article.

They are believed to be impacted by a Difference of Sexual Development, in which there is a developmental abnormality in secondary sex characteristics. This is a medical condition which can manifest with children being born with ambiguous or disfigured genitalia. Male children impacted by DSDs are often "assigned female at birth" due to these genital defects, as there is a genuine assumption they are girls.

Thus, their identification documents would be completely irrelevant in this case. As is the fact they were "raised as girls." That's entirely expected for male children with DSDs.

Even more so for male children with DSDs in socially conservative countries.

Is a boy without a penis more likely to be raised as a boy or a girl? Exactly.

3. "The IBA never said they had XY chromosomes!"

On March 25, 2023, IBA President Umar Kremlev said that the boxers disqualified at the championships had XY chromosomes. He said this in a statement to TASS News.

There were only two boxers disqualified at the championships: Lin and Khelif.

4. "But Kremlev could be lying!"

Over the last 72 hours, the IBA has released two separate statements confirming that Khelif and Lin were not subject to testosterone testing, but had instead been subjected to a separate test validated by two independent laboratories.

That test confirmed they were not eligible to compete in women's boxing as per the IBA guidelines.

Crucially, the IBA defines "woman" as "an individual with XX chromosomes." In their guidelines, they also indicate that the gender tests they use to determine if a person is eligible to compete with women is a chromosomal test, not a hormone test.

In their second statement, the IBA condemned the IOC for allowing Khelif and Lin to proceed as they believed it was putting female boxers at risk and that they did not support "boxing between the genders."

5. "Why doesn't the IBA release the test!"

They cannot. It is protected medical information. They would be sued.

Khelif and Lin, however, can agree to have the laboratories release those tests themselves... Why haven't they?

6. "The IBA didn't let L & K appeal their disqualification!"

Yes they did. They have no choice in the matter. The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) is a fully independent tribunal which oversees all disputes in elite athletics. Every athlete has a right to bring a case to the CAS.

Lin did not challenge the disqualification.

Khelif challenged the disqualification but withdrew the appeal before it could proceed through the court.

Please ask yourself why. If they were genuinely female, why would they have chosen to refuse their opportunity to establish that in an irrefutable and legally binding way at a fully independent venue? Literally none of this would have happened had they simply submitted their tests to the CAS.

Buuuut... Consider that all decisions at the CAS are public information. It was through a CAS challenge that the world became aware that Caster Semenya had XY chromosomes, for example.

If Khelif and Lin had proceeded through the CAS, there would have been irrefutable evidence, documented by an independent body, that they were either male or female.

So why? Why did they not want the CAS to examine their tests? Why did they not want this information to be public? I think the reason is obvious.

7. "But the IOC approved their eligibility for 2024!"

The IOC stopped sex testing athletes in 1999. Since then, they have deferred to individual sporting bodies to ensure athletes were eligible.

HOWEVER, for the purposes of the 2024 Paris Olympics, there is no formal oversight body for boxing. This is the first time this ever happened.

As a result, the IOC created an ad-hoc boxing unit to temporarily oversee the boxing competitions in Paris. This unit has no guidelines for gender eligibility, and has apparently just been allowing boxers to compete "as females" if they have female gender markers on their passports/legal documents.

8. "The IBA is corrupt and cannot be trusted!"

The IOC has long had an issue with the IBA because the IBA has refused to disqualify Russian athletes on the basis of their national identity.

Claims of the IBA's "corruption" can basically be summarized to "Russia bad, Russians evil." The IBA has literally no history of bullshitting about the sex of boxers involved and it doesn't benefit them in any kind of way to do so.

9. "The IBA only disqualified L & K because they beat Russian boxers at the 2023 championships!"

No they did not. I started seeing this weird, completely false claim circulating over the last 24 hours.

Khelif beat Thailand's Janjaem Suwannapheng and was set to compete against China's Yang Liu for gold in the Welterweight category.

Lin beat Bulgaria's Svetlana Kamenova Staneva for bronze in the Featherweight category.

They were scheduled to fight no Russian boxers in either one of their categories, and only one Russian boxer won a gold medal in the entire championship (Anastasiia Demurchian, Light Middleweight).

India won the most gold medals (4) at the 2023 Women's Championship. China won the most medals overall (7). Kazakhstan won the second most medals overall (6). Russia only won 3 medals at the championship.

Also worth noting that another Taiwanese boxer, Huang Hsiao-wen, won gold in the Bantamweight category. So for all the Taiwanese mouthpieces claiming Lin's disqualification was just "discrimination against Taiwan"... lol no.

10. "L & K were only singled out because they don't look feminine!"

This idea that Lin and Khelif were singled out for not meeting some "western feminine beauty standard" is atrocious and quite easily refutable when you look at literally any of their competitors, most of whom do not meet that arbitrary standard themselves because boxing is a physically demanding sport for robust people, male or female.

Below is Khadija El-Mardi of Morocco, for example, who likely would be accused of failing to meet this supposed "western feminine beauty standard." El-Mardi won gold in the Heavyweight category at the 2023 World Championships. She is advancing to the quarter-finals in Paris as we speak. She's one of the best female boxers out there.

She is a woman. Her features and tall stature literally do not matter. She is biologically female. Sex testing would return an XX.

Women are adult human females. This is true regardless of their external appearance.

Likewise, men are adult human males. This is true regardless of abnormalities or defects in their secondary sex characteristics.

[Adam Preocanin @AdamPreo]

@adamboxer1 @5Naureen @Inner_Drive Would it be true that music could be beneficial if revision is occurring in a noisy, chaotic environment e.g. a cafe? Essentially, by being less distracting than the alternative.

Obviously, the solution is to revise somewhere calm and quiet.

[Carl Hendrick @C_Hendrick]

So what are the implications of over 100 years of research on forgetting for educators?

Principles to know:
▶️ Our capacity to store stuff in memory is relatively limitless but our capacity to retrieve it is not. In other words, just because you know something, it doesn't mean you can remember it. This process happens in classrooms every day without us realising it - so much effort (planning/teaching/student work) is wasted because of ineffective instructional design.
▶️ Our brains are quite efficient at some things but also really inefficient at other things which is why learning how to do quadratic equations is so hard for teenagers.
It's also why for the vast majority of people, trying to discover stuff on your own is such a bad way to learn anything.
▶️ We're very good at learning stuff we want to learn but incredibly bad at learning stuff we don't want to learn. (and most kids don't want to learn quadratic equations.)
Storage strength and retrieval strength are crucial concepts to long term learning - without regular retrieval practice/questioning/generative activities we will not be able to recall learned material - it's as if our brain throws stuff in a warehouse without cataloguing/indexing any of it. Retrieval practice is the way to make that catalogue/index.
▶️ This process of long term learning is largely dependent on the context in which students try to remember stuff and the good news is that teachers can do something about that (curriculum + instruction).
▶️ You don't learn something when you encounter it, you learn it when you forget it-remember it-forget it -remember-link it to something else you know and so on... Think of learning as something which happens over 6-12 months not in a single lesson.

What to do:
▶️ Because of these limitations of how learning happens, the first thing to consider is curriculum. But curriculum doesn't just mean what you're teaching (content), it also means how you teach it (instruction).
▶️ Don't just ask students questions that have 'answers' - those answers really need to be connected to stuff they already know and this needs careful planning. For example, knowing the year of the storming of the Bastille is likely to be of very little use unless it's linked to deeper understanding of how this event relates to the broader trajectory of the French Revolution.
▶️ When planning curriculum and building in retrieval practice, consider when they will forget the material and where they will remember it. As in, actually plan for them forgetting it. If you're teaching them something in September and then giving them a quiz on it in May and thinking that's retrieval practice then you're doing it wrong. Think really carefully about where they will re-encounter what you've taught them.
▶️ Do you want students to remember what you're teaching them now or in a year? If it's the latter then you have to use desirable difficulties otherwise they will probably only remember it by chance not design.
(See Bjork on this and also Fiorella/Mayer on generative learning.)
▶️ Lastly, If you're leading teaching and learning in a school, stop asking teachers to 'show student learning' in a lesson. This is a waste of time and in most cases, gets in the way of actual learning.

[W. Blake Gray @wblakegray]

Wow. This is both the best article about plumbing I have ever read, and the best article without paragraph breaks I have ever read.

Pour yourself a cup of something, settle down and enjoy.

https://t.co/ihv8EgTGbC

[Adam Preocanin @AdamPreo]

@T2Rugby Queensland Premier Rugby? Arguably better opportunities as an import compared to Shute Shield, where it can take longer to work up to play 1st grade ... whilst standard remains high.

Also, life in QLD is pretty good and Brisbane is an easy city to navigate and settle in.

[Adam Preocanin @AdamPreo]

Adam Preocanin is feeling confused about consistency.

Curry: change of height = no mitigation ... 🟥
Cane: change of direction =no mitigation ... 🟥
Kolisi: change of height = mitigation ... 🟨

#RugbyWorldCup

[Adam Preocanin @AdamPreo]

Commentators absolutely sticking it to Eddie Jones on Stan, right now.

#RugbyWorldCup

[Adam Preocanin @AdamPreo]

People should have to take an airport licence test.

[Professor Karol Sikora @ProfKarolSikora]

My goodness, what sense from @MerrynSW.

A must watch:

[Adam Preocanin @AdamPreo]

@L_Dot_Brown @D_Les @fesshole Considering I have a 3-year-old daughter, hopefully I have a while before this happens 😬

[Adam Preocanin @AdamPreo]

A gym tale - final set of squats, solo:

1. "oh shit" (audible)
2. I might cramp up
3. OK, maybe I can do this
4. Maybe not
5. I am in danger
6. *has to dive forward onto the safety bars*

[Adam Preocanin @AdamPreo]

@chrismorgan1980 @LineoutNause I'd say it's not considered because it is ineffective at any level above amateur (see pic).

In terms of defending ground & air ... it's simply opportunity costs. You can't do both well, so compromising yourself, even slightly, is all that elite teams need to take advantage.

[Adam Preocanin @AdamPreo]

@chrismorgan1980 @LineoutNause Let's say you want to be x2 as aggressive. For every 10 lineouts you might:
- steal 1
- lower the quality of 2

... but weaken your defence for 4/5.

So the Q becomes: how much do you want to steal a ball (or be seen to) vs how much do you want to apply consistent team pressure?

[Adam Preocanin @AdamPreo]

@chrismorgan1980 @LineoutNause I think this is often a strategic cul-de-sac.

Yes, you can chase every option but what happens when you aren't successful? You're compromised.

From an attacking POV, options that get the opposition in the air and out of the game are far superior to up and down options.

[Adam Preocanin @AdamPreo]

@FondOfBeetles 4,600m at the Salkantay Pass

[Adam Preocanin @AdamPreo]

"we want our students to develop the higher order skills ... But those skills depend on more fundamental skills and there is no way we can jump ahead to the more advanced skills without acquiring the more basic skills first"

https://t.co/1pSOSW961t

[Adam Preocanin @AdamPreo]

@historytastic @mfordhamhistory Fortunately, I didn't experience NC levels but I'm finding this Common Grade Scale so vague it's almost meaningless.