Henk van Aggelen

Oud-militair, veteraan, voor volk en vaderland. Full Stop. Tegenwoordig ZZP paardenhouder, -trainer en dienstverlener

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

I have equal contempt for both left and right radicals. - Aleksandr Lebed

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@John_Rdam Lieverdjes zijn het. De auto’s gingen echt per ongeluk in de fik vannacht en de kruidenier die werd overvallen leeft nog, hoop ik…

[David Santos @davidsantosvlog]

Ceuta amanece sumida en el caos, decenas de marroquíes asaltan una tienda de comestibles.

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@ministerVWS U noemt twee (karakter) eigenschappen die nagenoeg alle getuigen ontberen.

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@D66 Volksverlakkerij.

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@TheoJans1 Er zijn maar heel weinig mensen die klimaatverandering ontkennen. Causaal verbinden met de hashtags die u gebruikt, dat is een ander verhaal.

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@DilanYesilgoz @ericvanderburg Doe er wat aan dan. Of is het dan ineens weer “complex”?

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@jpaternotte Toentertijd was de leiding van een ander land voor het uitvoeren van die theorie. Nu is het aanstaande kabinet van ons eigen land tegen het uitvoeren van die theorie en dat is niet goed.
Heb ik het goed samengevat zo?

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@RichardAngwin Actors should stick to acting, that what they get paid for.

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@Lisawesterveld Geeft u dan eens een voorbeeld hoe u die, niet te ontkennen, demografische ontwikkeling zou willen omschrijven?

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@Nieuwsuur “Nationale”, geeft het feitelijke antwoord.
Geen discussie mogelijk.

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@Vincentgdevlugt Ik.

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@ianmiles Better work out a lot more, before wearing this text…

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@RobJetten U kunt wel “lekker zo” stoken, maar kennelijk kunt u niet ontkrachten wat gesteld wordt door mevrouw Klever. Zo veel wordt mij duidelijk.

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@John_Rdam 🤣👌🏻 mooi ook hoe die uit de heup schieters de parodie missen 🙄😁

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@JokeHermsen https://t.co/kZvijE0iJW

[Azat @AzatAlsalim]

All eyes on 7th October !

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@jpaternotte https://t.co/MVXZZMqQQK

[Ian Miles @ianmiles]

You’re in London. You open your window and this is what’s outside. What’s on your mind?

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@Percolator_HNJ Eruit en nooit meer erin!

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@ianmiles Brownies

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@RHDijkgraaf Zijn er al excuses ontvangen?

https://t.co/ZeRy7OSmKK

[Archaeo - Histories @archeohistories]

A new study suggests that a million or more European Christians were enslaved by Muslims in North Africa between 1530-1780 – a far greater number than had ever been estimated before.

In a new book, Robert Davis, professor of history at Ohio State University, developed a unique methodology to calculate the number of white Christians who were enslaved along Africa’s Barbary Coast, arriving at much higher slave population estimates than any previous studies had found.

Most other accounts of slavery along Barbary coast didn’t try to estimate the number of slaves, or only looked at the number of slaves in particular cities, Davis said. Most previously estimated slave counts have thus tended to be in the thousands, or at most in the tens of thousands. Davis, by contrast, has calculated that between 1 million and 1.25 million European Christians were captured and forced to work in North Africa from 16th-18th Centuries.

“Much of what has been written gives the impression that there were not many slaves and minimizes the impact that slavery had on Europe,” Davis said. “Most accounts only look at slavery in one place, or only for a short period of time. But when you take a broader, longer view, the massive scope of this slavery and its powerful impact become clear.”

Davis said it is useful to compare this Mediterranean slavery to the Atlantic slave trade that brought black Africans to the Americas. Over the course of four centuries, the Atlantic slave trade was much larger – about 10 to 12 million black Africans were brought to the Americas. But from 1500 to 1650, when trans-Atlantic slaving was still in its infancy, more white Christian slaves were probably taken to Barbary than black African slaves to the Americas, according to Davis.

“One of the things that both the public and many scholars have tended to take as given is that slavery was always racial in nature – that only blacks have been slaves. But that is not true,” Davis said. “We cannot think of slavery as something that only white people did to black people.”

During the time period Davis studied, it was religion and ethnicity, as much as race, that determined who became slaves.

“Enslavement was a very real possibility for anyone who traveled in the Mediterranean, or who lived along the shores in places like Italy, France, Spain and Portugal, and even as far north as England and Iceland,” he said.

Pirates (called corsairs) from cities along the Barbary Coast in north Africa – cities such as Tunis and Algiers – would raid ships in the Mediterranean and Atlantic, as well as seaside villages to capture men, women and children. The impact of these attacks were devastating – France, England, and Spain each lost thousands of ships, and long stretches of the Spanish and Italian coasts were almost completely abandoned by their inhabitants. At its peak, the destruction and depopulation of some areas probably exceeded what European slavers would later inflict on the African interior.

Although hundreds of thousands of Christian slaves were taken from Mediterranean countries, Davis noted, the effects of Muslim slave raids was felt much further away: it appears, for example, that through most of 17th Century the English lost at least 400 sailors a year to the slavers.

Even Americans were not immune. For example, one American slave reported that 130 other American seamen had been enslaved by the Algerians in the Mediterranean and Atlantic just between 1785-1793.

***
Davis’s new estimates appear in the book Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500-1800 (Palgrave Macmillan).

📷 : Scene at a slave market by Swiss artist Otto Pilny (1866-1936) painted in 1919.

#archaeohistories

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

Dat was hem dan al weer… 😱

[Henk van Aggelen @AggelenHenk]

@ericvanderburg Wereldwijd slaan miljoenen mensen gedwongen op de vlucht en passeren veilige landen voordat zij in Nederland in de watten worden gelegd.
Geen nood, meneer @ericvanderburg, ik werk wel gewoon door tot aan mijn dood, zodat u mijn rekening kunt blijven leegplunderen.