Alexander

+ + + IC XC NIKA + + + International relations. Phd in Byzantine and Medieval History and Archeology.

[Ivan Ivanov @geonik80]

"Имам усещането, че Владо Николов, Слави Василев и Константин Проданов не ги е събрал Румен Радев, а Доньо Донев!"

ДАНИБОН

[Alexander @AlexiosByz]

@Gravity_Sf ГанЮ затова е ганЮ. Той е експерт по всичкология, знае всичко, може всичко и не признава никой и нищо над него. Това обяснява нещата нали? 😁 обикновено отрезвяването не идва и при смъртта. Вече на около 40-50 години. Алкохол, отровна храна, стрес от завист и лакомия за пари.

[Alexander @AlexiosByz]

@VenelinMolnar @vdremdjiev Знам. Но нищо не може да се направи. Това е масовата култура, която реално води да гибел. Но те не го разбират.

[Мадам Р. @Bebo_debel]

Чорапите: вземат парите на училищата
Избирателите му: така им се пада
Не знам какво очакваме от тия дебили

[Alexander @AlexiosByz]

@MOSSADil Read better the books. From the period. You will understand.

[Alexander @AlexiosByz]

@ZelenskyyUa Bomb the bastards!!! 🤩🤩🤩

[И.К-OFF @OFF1770790]

За пенсионерите първо ще важи!
Скоро и хората с ниски доходи ще го усетите!
"Бедността е най-справедливото наказание за глупостта на един народ."
Кога ще го научите най-накрая, че комунистите ВЗИМАТ, а НЕ ДАВАТ.

[Alexander @AlexiosByz]

@mor_G0m3bitWBP Ами отстъпник какво да го харесваш.

[RAHUL SHARMA 🇮🇳 @KumarRahul65453]

@clashreport Empires collapse when reality starts ignoring the speeches."

"History knocked once in 1922. It's knocking again." ⏳🔥

[MAB 🇹🇷 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰚 🇹🇷 @ikikeske]

Kendilerine ait olmayan Roma'yı, Makedonyalı İskender'i, Türk mutfağını, v.s. çalmaya kalktılar.
2209 yıldır devletsiz, kültürsüz, tarihsiz, sığııntı gibi yaşadılar.
İngilizler hediye etmese şu andaki devletleri de olmayacaktı.
Truvaya ettileri zulmün günahını çekiyorlar sanırım.

[Alexander @AlexiosByz]

@PeterNikolow @bavareca Де такова щастие!

[Alexander @AlexiosByz]

@bavareca Проблемът е, че АФД са комунисти на Путин, а не десни националисти.

[AshleY @Aku_700]

You won’t believe this is actually Paris in 2026.

Shirtless Sri Lankan men smashing coconuts all over the streets like it’s their village back home. Open borders turned the City of Light into a Third World festival ground. Wake up, France — this is your replacement.

[TurkWolf88 @ozzie8811]

East Romans or Greek.. or both? Lets sperate fact from modern day Greek myths , yeah?

How East Romans saw themselves;

They consistently called themselves:

Rhomaioi (Romans)
Romaioi (Romans)
Polites (citizens of the Roman Empire)
Christianoi (Christians)

They believed they were the continuation of the Roman Empire.
Greek language and culture dominated, but identity was still “Roman.”

They did not call themselves “Hellenes” as an ethnic identity for most of their history.
--
Why they avoided the word “Greek” (Hellene)

For centuries, “Hellene” meant:

pagan
non‑Christian

So calling yourself “Hellene” was like calling yourself a pagan idol‑worshipper.

This is why Byzantine authors avoided it.
---
But did they know they were culturally Greek?

they spoke Greek
their literature was Greek
their philosophy was Greek
their education was Greek
their ancestors (in many regions) were Greek‑speaking

But they did not turn that into a national identity.

They saw Greekness as culture, not ethnicity.

----

When did “Greek” identity reappear?

Around the 11th–12th century, some Byzantine intellectuals began using “Hellene” again, but:

as a cultural term
not a national or ethnic one

After the 1204 Latin conquest, the term “Hellene” gained prestige again, because:

“Roman” identity was challenged
Greek culture became a point of pride
anti‑Latin sentiment grew

But even then, the official identity remained Roman.

--

Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos (10th century)
“We Romans have inherited the empire from our fathers.”

Meaning: Political identity = Roman. Source: Theophanes Continuatus, ed. Bekker, Bonn Corpus (1838).
--

Emperor John II Komnenos (12th century)
“God has entrusted to the Romans the rule of the world.”

Meaning: The empire = Roman Empire. Source: Niketas Choniates, Historia, ed. van Dieten (1975).
---

Anna Komnene (12th century)
“The Romans fought bravely…” “The Empire of the Romans…”
She uses Rhomaioi (Romans) over 200 times in The Alexiad.

Source: Anna Komnene, Alexiad, ed. Reinsch & Kambylis (2001).

----

St. Gregory of Nazianzus (4th century)
“I am not a Hellene, for I do not worship idols.”

Meaning: Hellene = pagan. Source: Gregory of Nazianzus, Oration 4, PG 35.
----

Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos (14th century)
“The Romans have long resisted the Turks.”

Source: Kantakouzenos, Histories, ed. Schopen (1828–1832).
----
Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (10th century)
“The Romans are the ruling nation chosen by God.”

Source: De Administrando Imperio, ed. Gy. Moravcsik & R. Jenkins (1967).
----------------------------
George Akropolites (13th century)
“The Romans recovered Constantinople from the Latins.”

Source: Akropolites, Chronicle, ed. Heisenberg (1903).

[Hillel Fuld @HilzFuld]

Remember when France was pretty? When Paris was magical?

Now it’s called The Islamic Country of France. Or at least it should be, if we’re being honest.

France has fallen.

After years of fighting the deadly disease of radical Islam, the country has given in.

Time of death: 2026.

[And We Know©🇺🇸 @andweknow]

🚨Paris is Burning — Muslim Riots Demand Sharia Law🚨

🇫🇷JUST IN: France is descending into chaos as Muslim mobs take to the streets, burning everything in sight, chanting “Allah hu Akbar” and “Death to France,” and openly calling for Islamic Law.

This is the direct result of years of mass migration and failed integration. France gave them asylum and opportunity, now they’re torching the country that welcomed them. Europe is waking up too late.

[Alexander @AlexiosByz]

@aliyetgin2023 I cannot find Turkey as well