“Everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of the human freedoms- to choose one's attitude in any given set of circumstances, to choose one's own way…”
-Viktor Frankl
Cathy O’Brien testified to U.S. Congress and accused Hillary Clinton of rape, and that she was a sex slave for Hillary and Bill Clinton ‘who are bisexuals and affiliated with an Elite sex Trafficking Ring that Purchases, Abuses, and Sacrifices children.
A new study suggests that a million or more European Christians were enslaved by Muslims in North Africa between 1530-1780 – a far greater number than had ever been estimated before.
In a new book, Robert Davis, professor of history at Ohio State University, developed a unique methodology to calculate the number of white Christians who were enslaved along Africa’s Barbary Coast, arriving at much higher slave population estimates than any previous studies had found.
Most other accounts of slavery along Barbary coast didn’t try to estimate the number of slaves, or only looked at the number of slaves in particular cities, Davis said. Most previously estimated slave counts have thus tended to be in the thousands, or at most in the tens of thousands. Davis, by contrast, has calculated that between 1 million and 1.25 million European Christians were captured and forced to work in North Africa from 16th-18th Centuries.
“Much of what has been written gives the impression that there were not many slaves and minimizes the impact that slavery had on Europe,” Davis said. “Most accounts only look at slavery in one place, or only for a short period of time. But when you take a broader, longer view, the massive scope of this slavery and its powerful impact become clear.”
Davis said it is useful to compare this Mediterranean slavery to the Atlantic slave trade that brought black Africans to the Americas. Over the course of four centuries, the Atlantic slave trade was much larger – about 10 to 12 million black Africans were brought to the Americas. But from 1500 to 1650, when trans-Atlantic slaving was still in its infancy, more white Christian slaves were probably taken to Barbary than black African slaves to the Americas, according to Davis.
“One of the things that both the public and many scholars have tended to take as given is that slavery was always racial in nature – that only blacks have been slaves. But that is not true,” Davis said. “We cannot think of slavery as something that only white people did to black people.”
During the time period Davis studied, it was religion and ethnicity, as much as race, that determined who became slaves.
“Enslavement was a very real possibility for anyone who traveled in the Mediterranean, or who lived along the shores in places like Italy, France, Spain and Portugal, and even as far north as England and Iceland,” he said.
Pirates (called corsairs) from cities along the Barbary Coast in north Africa – cities such as Tunis and Algiers – would raid ships in the Mediterranean and Atlantic, as well as seaside villages to capture men, women and children. The impact of these attacks were devastating – France, England, and Spain each lost thousands of ships, and long stretches of the Spanish and Italian coasts were almost completely abandoned by their inhabitants. At its peak, the destruction and depopulation of some areas probably exceeded what European slavers would later inflict on the African interior.
Although hundreds of thousands of Christian slaves were taken from Mediterranean countries, Davis noted, the effects of Muslim slave raids was felt much further away: it appears, for example, that through most of 17th Century the English lost at least 400 sailors a year to the slavers.
Even Americans were not immune. For example, one American slave reported that 130 other American seamen had been enslaved by the Algerians in the Mediterranean and Atlantic just between 1785-1793.
***
Davis’s new estimates appear in the book Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500-1800 (Palgrave Macmillan).
📷 : Scene at a slave market by Swiss artist Otto Pilny (1866-1936) painted in 1919.
#archaeohistories
To recap the Democrat 2026 platform so far:
- America is stolen land and we can’t have borders
- if we don’t have borders, everyone is allowed to come here
- if anyone is here, they’re allowed to access taxpayer funded services
- because we shouldn’t have borders, we shouldn’t enforce immigration laws
- America must be subjected to tariffs but cannot impose tariffs
- Muslims can take over public spaces to pray but conservative groups cannot have high school or college clubs
- you aren’t smart enough to homeschool your kids so you must send them to public schools where they won’t learn to read, do arithmetic, or think critically
- the Department of Education is sacred
- but kids will be taken out side to protest and shown sexually explicit materials
- biological males can be women
- women are a protected class and need special treatment, including trans women
- you’re not paying enough in taxes
- voting is a constitutional right and should have no requirements
- gun ownership is a constitutional right that should be abolished, but until then should be highly restrictive and limited
- women are smarter than men and that’s why so many of them get more college degrees than men
- women are incapable of obtaining a valid ID to vote
- law enforcement officers are going to be held accountable for enforcing the law
- former military officers cannot be held accountable for violating the rules
- going after political opponents, even if they broke the law, is illegal
- as soon as Democrats are in power, they will go after their political opponents
- using laws to prosecute ICE protesters is wrong
- using laws to prosecute pro-life nuns is correct
- uncovering fraud in NGOs, government agencies, welfare is wrong
- wealth tax for “rich” people
- there shouldn’t be billionaires
- owning 4 homes doesn’t mean someone is rich
- Republicans are racists
- it’s okay to say racist things to black and brown Republicans and law enforcement
- the Trump admin is covering up for pedophiles
- the Biden admin couldn’t do anything with the Epstein files
- we shouldn’t spend any money on detention centers for ICE
- we should spend more money of government programs without fixing the fraud (see above)
- Abolish ICE
- Abolish the police
- criminals aren’t bad, just misunderstood*
- *unless they’re white, Right, or Christian
- trans people are the real victims of trans killing people
- it’s okay to vote “not guilty” if the defendant agrees with your politics or has your skin color
- it’s okay to release violent criminals back on the streets if they’ve been arrested multiple times
- it’s okay to hit law enforcement with your vehicle as long as you say “I’m not mad at you” first
- understand that Jesus said “love everybody, welcome the stranger” but ignore everything else Jesus and the Bible said
And that’s just off the top of my head. I’m sure I missed a few.
Howard Lutnick: “I find it disgusting when we're the richest country in the world and some politician says to in order to save Social Security, rather than getting rid of the waste, fraud and abuse, we should move it to 70.“
.@pdoocy: "Obama said that aliens are real. Have you seen any evidence of non-human visitors to Earth?"
President Trump: "He gave classified information. He's not supposed to be doing that."
Pitbull: “If you don’t like the United States of America, go back to the countries that we are from. Then you’ll see how much you appreciate the United States of America.”