A laser can burn spray paint off a brick wall while the brick underneath stays cool enough to touch. The trick is that every material has an ablation threshold, the energy level where it stops heating up and starts vaporizing.
Spray paint's threshold sits far below brick's. So the laser gets tuned to the gap between them: above what paint can survive, below what brick even notices. The paint absorbs the pulse and flashes into dust while the lighter substrate reflects most of the beam.
Pulse speed is the other half. Each burst lasts nanoseconds, which vaporizes the paint faster than heat can conduct into the wall behind it. The paint reaches destruction temperature. The brick never gets warm.
This also solves the failure mode that ruins chemical removal on brick: ghosting. Solvents turn paint into a liquid, and porous brick drinks liquid. You end up with a faint shadow of the tag soaked permanently into the pores. A laser turns paint into dust, and dust can't soak in.
Conservators use the same physics on medieval cathedrals. Sandblasting erodes historic masonry by up to 1.2mm per treatment. A tuned laser erodes it by zero.
The US spends an estimated $12 billion a year cleaning graffiti. Most of that money goes to methods that damage the thing they're cleaning.
Liam Neeson's wife died from a fall on a beginner ski slope. Most people don't realize the most dangerous thing you can feel after hitting your head is fine.
Natasha Richardson stood up laughing at Mont Tremblant in 2009 and sent the ambulance away. The paramedics turned around without ever seeing her. Four hours passed before a hospital admitted her, and by then the bleed was unsurvivable.
Doctors call it the lucid interval. Her fall fractured the skull near the middle meningeal artery, which began bleeding into the space between the skull and the brain's outer covering. The brain has no pain receptors. While the pooling blood stays under the volume your skull can compensate for, you feel nothing. You joke with the ski patrol. You decline the ride.
Then compensation runs out. The clot forces the brain downward toward the brain stem, the part that runs your breathing. Symptoms only appear once the pressure is already critical. For Richardson that was a headache back at her hotel, roughly two hours after the fall.
The cruelest detail: an epidural hematoma is one of the most fixable emergencies in neurosurgery. A surgeon drills into the skull, drains the clot, seals the artery. Caught inside the window, patients frequently walk out of the hospital days later. ER doctors have a name for the cases that aren't caught. Talk and die syndrome. Between 20 and 50% of epidural hematoma patients get a lucid interval first.
And the bleed is arterial, meaning it pumps at full blood pressure into a closed box, while the nearest neurosurgeon was 80 miles away in Montreal.
If you ever hit your head hard enough to see stars, feeling okay for the first few hours proves nothing. That's the exact stretch when the deadliest bleed in the book feels like a bump.
I mean: General Yevhen Khmara is a war hero, a career officer with immense experience, the commander of the SBU's Alpha Special Operations Center, which needs no introduction, a man of respect and reputation.
You know what... EXCELLENT!
Leave him where he is. He belongs at the head of a special service, where he can continue applying his vast experience in the brutal war against Russia and keep delivering results. Glory and great respect to the true Ukrainian hero.
But why, why, why are you pulling him out of his service, retire him from his military rank, and push him into the post of Minister of Defense in place of Fedorov -- when, by law and by the country's military development strategy, that position calls for:
- a strictly civilian administrator, manager, optimizer of processes and spending,
- organizer, provider of resources for the military, anti-corruption fighter, architect of policies and military procurement systems,
- analyst of statistical data, and someone who can drive the implementation of military AI, digitalization, and the technological modernization of the armed forces etc etc etc.
Just why??
To je pravda.
Přitom by stačilo zrušit regulace pozemků a stavebnictví, nechat si lidi postavit kde chtějí, co chtějí, a ten existující byt by zlevnil z 8 mega na 6 a člověk by si za půl mega mohl postavit na poli chatku se suchým záchodem. Je to hezký? Není. Dostane to všechny, kteří chtějí, na realitní žebřík? Ano.
At his prom, 15-year-old Egor Holodryha danced the graduation waltz alone.
His partner, his classmate Maria, was supposed to be there beside him. They had spent months rehearsing together, dreaming about this night.
But on May 14, Russia killed her in a missile strike on Kyiv. Maria died alongside her father and grandmother.
Egor refused to find another partner.
“It would have been a betrayal of Maria,” he said.
So while other couples danced together, he finished their dance alone.
This is what Russia steals. Not just lives, but futures, dreams, first dances, and memories that should have lasted a lifetime.
Photo by Oksana Parafeniuk for The New York Times.
@bscholl “We have a Congressionally-optimized supply chain which can’t win a war” is one of the most brutal statements about our politics I’ve read in a long time.
In Japan, due to the unbearable and sometimes dangerous heat during the summer, this kindergarten has installed a retractable roof so that the children can play in the shade.