Dr. August Bones

Dad | Polymath | Immunologist | Academic | Nurse Scientist #Immunology #Oncology #Microbiology #Pathology #Panomics #Immunochemistry #MedSurg #PublicHealth

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

LVIb: The Chronicles of Professor Tsugua Senob and the Cell That Taught the Immune System What to Fear (continued from LVIa)

...The room was unusually quiet now.

Tsugua walked slowly toward the window.

“For many years, immunologists thought lymphocytes were the stars of immunity.”

He turned back.

“Then we realized something important.”

He pointed to the board.

“The most powerful soldiers are useless without intelligence.”

Several students stopped writing.

“The dendritic cell decides which threats become wars.”

Nobody spoke.

Even Musa looked impressed.

Tsugua closed his folder.

“In immunology, the most important decision is often not how strongly to respond.”

He looked around the room.

“It is whether to respond at all.”

The fire alarm sounded sharply in the corridor.

A few students looked up.

No one moved.

The alarm stopped.

Tsugua nodded once.

“A signal,” he said quietly, “changes history only when the right system is listening.”

Class ended.

#TalesOfTsuguaSenob

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

LVIa: The Chronicles of Professor Tsugua Senob and the Cell That Taught the Immune System What to Fear

The students arrived expecting another lecture on antibodies.

The board seemed to support the idea.

Written in the center was a single phrase:

Dendritic Cell

Musa looked disappointed.

“That's it?”

Bisi laughed.

“You say that now. Wait until he turns it into a three-hour philosophy lesson.”

Fatima smiled.

“Or a story.”

Kunle was reading ahead.

Chinedu was staring at the board.

Aisha and Sadiq exchanged a glance.

They both knew that when Tsugua chose to focus on a single cell, the lecture was usually important.

A few moments later, Professor Tsugua entered.

Without opening his folder, he pointed to the board.

“Which immune cell is the most important?”

The room immediately erupted.

“T cells,” said Chinedu.

“B cells,” said Fatima.

“Macrophages,” said Musa.

“Depends on the infection,” Aisha replied.

Sadiq remained silent.

Tsugua listened patiently.

Then he asked, “What did all of your answers assume?”

The room grew quiet.

No one answered.

“You assumed the response had already started.”

He turned and underlined the words on the board.

“But who starts it?”

Aisha smiled.

“The dendritic cell.”

“Exactly.”

Tsugua nodded.

“The adaptive immune system cannot respond to what it does not know exists.”

He began pacing.

“A virus enters the body.”

“A bacterium breaches a barrier.”

“A parasite invades tissue.”

He paused.

“Who informs the T cells?”

“Dendritic cells,” several students answered.

“Correct.”

He drew a simple diagram.

Capture → Process → Present → Activate

“This is the profession of the dendritic cell.”

Kunle raised his hand.

“So they're antigen-presenting cells.”

“They are the best antigen-presenting cells.”

Tsugua emphasized the word.

“The immune system contains many cells capable of presenting antigen, but dendritic cells are uniquely specialized for activating naïve T cells.”

Fatima frowned slightly.

“Professor, why can't a naïve T cell simply recognize antigen on its own?”

“Because recognition is not enough.”

He wrote another phrase.

Signal 1 is not enough

The students began writing.

“T-cell activation requires multiple signals.”

“Antigen recognition.”

“Costimulation.”

“Cytokine instruction.”

Sadiq spoke quietly.

“So the dendritic cell provides context.”

Tsugua smiled.

“Yes.”

“A peptide alone answers the question: What is present?”

“A dendritic cell answers the more important question: Should you care?”

The room became still.

Even Musa stopped writing.

Tsugua continued.

“Imagine receiving a message that says there is smoke.”

He paused.

“That information is useful.”

“Now imagine receiving a message that says there is smoke, fire, structural damage, and people trapped inside.”

The students nodded.

“The second message contains context.”

“Dendritic cells provide context.”

Aisha raised her hand.

“And cytokines determine what type of helper T cell develops?”

“Excellent.”

Tsugua wrote:

IL-12 → Th1

IL-4 → Th2

IL-6 + TGF-β → Th17

“The dendritic cell is not merely presenting evidence.”

“It is helping decide the nature of the response.”

Chinedu looked thoughtful.

“So it doesn't just report danger.”

“It interprets it.”

“Precisely.”

The room was unusually quiet now.

...To be continued in the Quotes in LVIb

#TalesOfTsuguaSenob

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

You can't breathe and swallow at the Same Time. The epiglottis prevents food from entering the windpipe, making it impossible to do both simultaneously.

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

Complications of myocardial infarction (DARTH VADER)

Death
Arrhythmia
Rupture (free ventricular wall/ ventricular septum/ papillary muscles)
Tamponade
Heart failure (acute or chronic)
Valve disease
Aneurysm of ventricle
Dressler’s syndrome
thromboEmbolism (mural thrombus)
Recurrence/ mitral Regurgitation

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

Semi-solid media are used for ___________.
(a) Isolating discrete colonies (b) Subculturing microbes
(c) Determining motility
(d) Obtaining growth all over the tube

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

Quote with a weird body facts..

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

For the preparation of solid media, which component is used as the solidifying agent? (a) Methylene blue
(b) Gelatin
(c) Agar
(d) Indole

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

Which media is used for culturing fastidious microorganisms?
(a) Anaerobic growth media
(b) Mannitol salt agar
(c) MacConkey agar
(d) Enriched media

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

Quote with a weird body facts..

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

Complications of myocardial infarction (DARTH VADER)

Death
Arrhythmia
Rupture (free ventricular wall/ ventricular septum/ papillary muscles)
Tamponade
Heart failure (acute or chronic)
Valve disease
Aneurysm of ventricle
Dressler’s syndrome
thromboEmbolism (mural thrombus)
Recurrence/ mitral Regurgitation

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

#FIFAWorldCup CR7

[FIFA World Cup @FIFAWorldCup]

8 days to go...

Only 8 nations have ever won the #FIFAWorldCup 🏆

[NEFERTITI @firstladyship]

INEC is manipulating the Voter Register.
INEC is manipulating the Voter Register.
INEC is manipulating the Voter Register.
INEC is manipulating the Voter Register.
INEC is manipulating the Voter Register.

They are systematically deleting the Voter Registration of certain demographics. Kindly rush to their portal & check to make sure that your CVR Registration is still valid & is found.

RETWEET MASSIVELY & SPREAD THE WORD!

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

A deficiency of surfactant primarily affects which type of lung cell?

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

Which cranial nerve is most vulnerable to increased intracranial pressure?

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

A patient with bilateral renal artery stenosis is started on an ACE inhibitor and develops acute kidney injury. Why?

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

The most common primary hypercoagulable mutation in people of European ancestry is which genetic defect?

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

Failure of neural crest cell migration is central to the pathogenesis of which congenital disorder?

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

A positive Romberg sign indicates dysfunction of which sensory pathway?

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

Deficiency of α1-antitrypsin predisposes patients to emphysema predominantly affecting which part of the lung?

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

The Philadelphia chromosome results from a translocation between which chromosomes?

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

Tay-Sachs Disease.

[Dr. August Bones @Ausbones]

A child presents with a cherry-red spot on the macula and neurodegeneration but no hepatosplenomegaly. Which lysosomal storage disease is most likely?