"Read books, because the data rate of reading is much greater than when somebody is speaking. What’s the output rate of speech? A couple hundred bits per second, maybe a few thousand per second if you’re going full tilt. You can get several times that by reading. The main reason I didn’t go to lectures in college was because the data rate was too slow." --@elonmusk
A Harvard neuroscience professor who teaches at Harvard Summer School said something that completely changed how I think about memory.
She wasn't talking to journalists. She was answering a student question about why smart people still forget everything they study.
Her name is Dr. Tracey Tokuhama-Espinosa, and she has spent decades researching how the brain actually encodes and retrieves information.
Here's what she said: "The ultimate litmus test of learning is using the information in a new context, not just remembering it for a test."
That one sentence exposes why most people's study habits are completely broken.
Here's the actual system she teaches Harvard students to retain what they learn.
The first thing she kills immediately is the myth that you have one learning style. The idea that you're a "visual learner" or an "auditory learner" is not supported by modern neuroscience. Your brain wants to learn through as many senses as possible at once, because each sense creates a separate neural pathway to the same knowledge. More pathways means faster and stronger recall.
The second technique is spaced repetition, but she explains the mechanism in a way most people never hear. Every time you retrieve a memory, you physically thicken the myelin sheath around that neural connection, which makes the electrical signal travel faster. You aren't just reviewing information you are literally rewiring your brain to access it more quickly.
The third technique floored me. She tells students to teach what they just learned to someone else within 24 hours, because teaching forces you to find the gaps in your own understanding before the exam does it for you.
The fourth is what she calls "feed-forward" instead of feedback. When you get something wrong, don't treat it as a failure. Ask only one question: what would I do differently next time? That reframe keeps the brain in a learning state instead of a defensive one.
But the most underrated insight she shared was this: the single biggest factor in long-term retention is whether you can make the material personally meaningful to your own life. Your brain prioritizes storing things that feel relevant and discards things that feel abstract.
The students who remember everything aren't studying harder. They're studying in a way that the brain was actually designed to absorb.
1. Drink water, put a bottle by your bedside, drink when you wake
2. Ask your friend abroad to buy your multi-vitamins. Take them daily
3. Stop taking soda and “juice”, eat the fruit with the pulp, chew an orange, don't drink orange juice.
4. Slow down on the carbs, garri, jollef and amala, and do more protein. Termites are high in protein if you can't afford beef. ( I didn't stutter)
5. Sleep longer, weekends are for sleep, not just parties and watching football.
6. Take your holidays, do not exchange them for cash and work all year round. Go to a village or slow area for a holiday once in a while to decouple. Travelling to the UK or Dubai to shop in malls and eat a burger is not a holiday
7. Slow down on salt and sugar, think more of ginger and turmeric
8. Eat suya, eat the vegetables, onions and tomatoes too, all join
9. Slow down on white bread, pasta, etc. Brown rice 👍 is Ofada rice brown? Does anyone know?
10. Have sex regularly. A blow job is not sex
11. Stretch, walk, move. Yoga is good.
12. Be happy, watch comedies, laugh
13. Have an emergency fund. Looking for urgent N10,000 on “Tuesday” will cause hypertension faster than salt.
14. Buy a plant, have a garden, sha touch soil once in a while
15. Be careful with the news you listen to, don't be naive, but don't dwell in the comfort of mockers
16. Fall in love, not mandatory but recommended. Yes, you can love the company of someone, all join.
17. Use deodorant, not Antiperspirants.
18. Guys, change your boxers daily, even if they do not smell. A beard has to be combed and maintained. It's not fallow land
19. Ladies, you also look beautiful without a wig or nail extensions, plus you save money 😉
20. Don't bleach your skin
This is financial advice
We made this beautiful video for South East Maths Olympiad ahead of the Grand Finale.
We made it so inspiring. Trust me, you will love it.
We are building the greatest workforce from Africa!
How to compress a grade level’s worth of learning much, much shorter than a year:
1. Identify what the student already knows
2. Overlay that on a knowledge graph to construct their personal knowledge profile
3. Teach only new topics for which they've mastered the prerequisites, their "knowledge frontier"
4. Each lesson cycles through minimum effective doses of explicitly guided instruction & active practice problems
5. Enforce mastery relentlessly: if you can't consistently solve problems correctly, then you don't move on to more advanced material that depends on it. You continue on parallel learning paths and come back to the halted one later.
6. Review previously learned material using spaced repetition & frequent broad-coverage closed-book timed quizzes
7. Review old stuff by learning new stuff. I.e., knock out as much review as possible by learning new material that exercises those review topics as subskills.
We made the South East Maths Olympiad open for every child irrespective of nationality or tribe to participate.
Living or schooling in the South East is the only qualification.
Registration is free to give every child opportunity to participate and experience greatness.
Copying notes only gives the illusion of learning.
Trying to learn by copying notes is like trying to build strength by letting your spotter lift all the weight for you.
Copying notes might *feel* like learning because the information is passing through working memory. But the feeling is completely artificial.
Simply having information in working memory is not what increases retention. What really matters is how the information got there.
The action that increases retention is lifting information from long-term memory into working memory.
If you bypass that lift, then you bypass learning.
If you want to retain info, you have to repeatedly pull it out of your brain, not out of your notes.
The info needs to enter working memory and the way it needs to get there is via long-term memory, not sensory memory.