Humans tried to tame horses 5,500 years ago. It didn't work. Those horses eventually went feral, and we had to start over 1,300 years later with a different bloodline.
A group in Kazakhstan called the Botai kept horses for milk and meat around 3500 BCE. A 2021 Nature study read the DNA of 273 ancient horses and proved every horse alive today comes from a different population entirely. The successful domestication happened 4,200 years ago near the Volga and Don rivers. Those horses spread across Asia and Europe in 500 years, wiping out every other horse bloodline.
Two tiny changes in horse DNA made it work. One mutation appeared about 5,000 years ago and made horses less jumpy. The other came 4,200 years ago and gave horses backs strong enough to carry a grown person; before that, they were the size of ponies. This is why chariots came first as the main use of horses, and regular horseback riding only became common centuries later.
Before rideable horses reached the Middle East, the Sumerians made their own by crossbreeding domesticated donkeys with wild onagers, a wild Asian cousin of the donkey. Onagers can hit 43 mph and hold 31 mph for hours, with more endurance than any modern racehorse. But they bite, kick, and can't be trained. So Sumerians made a hybrid called a kunga, which kept the speed and dropped the temper. A kunga cost 40 times a donkey. It couldn't breed, so every generation had to be made fresh. These pulled the war wagons shown on the Standard of Ur, a Sumerian mosaic from 2500 BCE. It's the first known case of humans creating a new animal.
Zebras are the longest-running failure. Romans raced them in chariots during the emperor Caracalla's reign, around 200 AD. The Dutch tried in the 1700s. Walter Rothschild even drove a zebra carriage up to Buckingham Palace in the 1890s to prove the point. Germans gave it a shot in colonial East Africa. None of it worked. Zebras dodge lassos with a quick ducking reflex, have no hierarchy you can slot into, and have spent millions of years evolving alongside lions. A single kick can break a lion's jaw.
Jared Diamond ran the math on this. Out of roughly 148 large mammal species humans could have tamed, only 14 ever worked. The animal has to pass six separate tests: eat flexibly, grow fast, breed in a pen, stay calm, not spook easily, and follow a pack order. Miss one and the whole thing collapses.
The earliest confirmed horse riders were the Yamnaya, a nomadic steppe people from north of the Black Sea. They left behind skeletons showing the specific hip damage and healed fall injuries you see in modern riders. Out of 156 adult skeletons studied, only 24 had the pattern. Even inside a horse-riding culture, most people still walked.
Ho l’impressione che l’Italia sia fondamentalmente per il #No. Ma non solo su questo referendum.
Siamo per il No al cambiamento in qualsiasi settore.
Da questo punto di vista siamo il paese più conservatore d’Europa.
Troviamo sempre una ragione per non cambiare: la giustizia, la scuola, il regionalismo o per non fare investimenti infrastrutturali ed energetici.
Questo conservatorismo è trasversale alla destra e alla sinistra che sono normalmente immobili in attesa che l’altra parte faccia “l’errore” di proporre qualcosa.
Da questo stallo dobbiamo uscire se vogliamo sopravvivere e diventare qualcosa di più di una meta turistica.
Some Wuwa fans are hilarious bro , The "Hoyoverse storywriting" you're referring to is the characters simply having dynamics between them, like any piece of media with a large cast.
Here’s the concept art for Boxer Galbrena, Augusta, and Zani from the Solaris Supercup series!
It was an honor to design their outfits, and thank you all for loving their powerful looks 💪✨
#WutheringWaves#SolarisSupercupSeries#명조
[Long Post Warning.]
Before I say anything, I want everyone to know that I have nothing against Lynae herself, or what Kuro plans to do with her character in the future. Whatever happens happens, and nothing I say or will say will change that.
This post is my opinion and my take on her character and position in the story.
- What do I mean by Lynae being irrelevant?
I think Lynae as a character does not deserve as much of a spotlight as she did in the first part of 3.0. That is because she as a character does not contribute anything to the actual plot of Lahai-Roi or the narrative that brought us here in the first place, which is to figure out what happened to our Frequency + Help Chisa find her parents.
Instead, we found out the problem with our Frequency thanks to Luuk Herssen while she waited at the door, and Chisa found her parents on her own off-screen.
- But her story revealed a lot to us about the Fractsidus' intentions and guided us around the academy, how can I claim that she's irrelevant?
First off, no it didn't. We still have no idea what the Fractsidus want with Lahai-Roi or why they were trying to set up a voidworm attack. Her importance as a potential Fractsidus infiltrator who could give us info from the inside ended the moment she got busted, which was the same day we arrived.
We found out more about the Fractsidus' plan in 2.0 when Phrolova literally walked up to us and told us "hey dude we want Cartethyia. Let's put up a show to impress her so you can break her out of the tower."
As for guiding us around the academy, that just seems like an excuse to me. Anyone could've done so, - and would've done so better - especially Chisa who got there a few days ago and already got acclimated to the surroundings - could've done a better job, adding her own take on how things changed since 20 years ago. I believe that would've been infinitely interesting than what we got with Lynae.
Also, don't you find it extremely convenient that it JUST so happens that she was driving around the area after having executed someone (which was NEVER brought up again btw) at the same time when Rover popped out?
Had it not been for that incident, Rover would've never met her and by extension, would have no reason to stand up for her when she eventually gets caught when Hyvetia goes haywire. She would've literally been sent back to the New Federation and the story wouldn't have changed one bit.
That's what I mean by irrelevant. She is unnecessary, and undeserving of that much screentime. Hell, even she claims that she wants nothing more with the life of danger and just wants to be a student, and will only fight if she absolutely needs to in order to protect her peaceful life.
And don't get me wrong, finding out about the New Federation is GREAT. We love that. But that wasn't the time or the place to give a lore drop like that. It felt like "Hey you just got to this new cool place! Let's tell you about the OTHER cool place which you won't see anytime soon!"
I hope this makes sense, and if you disagree with my take, that's fine. We can talk about it and share our thoughts and opinions as a community and as players of the same game.
Thanks for reading!
Dear Doctor,
We are hosting a giveaway event to celebrate the Arknights 6th Anniversary. Retweet this post with your well wishes for Arknights (text or pictures) and include the hashtags #Arknights6thAnniv and #Arknights, and you'll get a chance to win the following rewards!
#Yostar