A new meta-analysis found one consistent signal:
↓ Cortical choline-containing compounds correlate to increased chronic stress.
This is exactly why we need to stop viewing mental health as separate from brain health.
Choline deficiency may raise fatty liver risk as experts flag overlooked nutrient ( by the way , eggs are one of the richest in choline ) https://t.co/am2L0aQVuu
Choline deficiency is chronically under-screened. It's also the precursor to betaine, which drives one-carbon methylation — critical for DNA repair and gene expression. Low choline + low folate = blunted PEMT activity and impaired homocysteine clearance. Worth running alongside B12 and folate in any metabolic workup. 🙏
Its main metabolite is AMPA. In rodents, glyphosate exposure leads to AMPA getting into the brain, driving neuroinflammation.
Choline deficiency makes it worse, preventing the brain from clearing out AMPA.
An estimated 90% of people today are choline deficient. It’s found mostly in animal foods, such as eggs.
A study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found that women with higher choline intake had a reduced risk of miscarriage compared to those with lower intake. Research has shown that choline deficiency can negatively impact fertility in both men and women. Choline plays a role in reducing oxidative stress, which can damage reproductive cells and impair fertility. Studies have found that adequate choline levels improve sperm quality by protecting against DNA damage and enhancing motility. Less than ten percent of U.S. pregnant women meet choline intake recommendations. In conclusion, maternal choline supplementation modulated placental development and function in a mouse model of placental insufficiency, providing some evidence that choline may be a useful therapy during pregnancy to prevent or overcome development of placental disorders that impact fetal and maternal health. Decreases in pro-inflammatory gene expression and placental apoptosis are especially encouraging and align with previous results showing similar effects of choline in different experimental models. Since many pregnant women do not currently meet the recommended intake levels of choline, further research is warranted to investigate the effects of increased maternal choline intake on human placental function.
https://t.co/C61hX62OBz
https://t.co/YOYwbOE7zU
@AntoineMECFS Checked for a vitamin B12 deficiency before starting it?
https://t.co/9EOYybFrEW
"Choline use may also increase, and choline deficiency may worsen if choline substitutes when the vitamin B12 side of the homocysteine metabolic pathway cannot be used."
Psychiatric drugs never fix the root cause of anxiety.
They manage a symptom while the real problem gets worse.
UC Davis researchers just found anxiety patients consistently show lower choline levels in brain regions that control emotions and thinking.
That's a deficiency. Fix the deficiency.
Fatty liver is now the most common liver condition in the world.
The conversation is almost entirely about poor diet, alcohol and obesity (which are important)
But choline barely gets mentioned.
If liver enzymes are elevated or you have fatty liver, i'd be making sure I'm getting in enough choline.
So what do you do?
Eat whole eggs, (more than 2 at a time)
Eat plenty of red meat
Add beef liver in if you're up for it.
If your diet is low in animal foods, supplementing with phosphatidylcholine is an option.
Fatty liver isn't just a diet, alcohol and obesity problem.
Choline deficiency is one of the most under diagnosed drivers of NAFLD.
And 90% of people aren't hitting their daily target.
Here's what's actually happening in your liver when choline is low.
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) was used as the choline source because it's the body's main active form of choline—directly incorporated into cell membranes and VLDL particles to package/export triglycerides from the liver. In NAFLD, choline deficiency impairs PC synthesis, causing fat buildup, mitochondrial damage, and oxidative stress. Supplementing pre-formed PC (2400 mg/day) bypasses conversion steps for faster hepatoprotection, as shown in prior animal/human data on lipid metabolism and steatosis reversal. The trial (NCT05200156) selected it for these targeted benefits over free choline forms.
Metabolic health starts in the womb. What mom eats can shape a child’s health long past birth. 🧬New article: fetal programming, why blood sugar isn’t the whole story, and the nutrients that matter most. https://t.co/3eFzpTBee7