Aerodynamics Explanation: At airshow speeds and maneuvers, jets operate at high angles of attack with significant vortex generation from wingtips and leading edges.
• Upper aircraft’s position: Its wings experienced relatively clean (undisturbed) freestream airflow above them, producing normal lift. However, its lower surfaces and the area between the two aircraft faced disrupted flow from the lower jet’s wake—turbulence, downwash, and possibly reduced dynamic pressure.
• Lower aircraft’s position: Its upper surfaces were in the “ground effect”-like or wake interference zone from the upper jet. The close proximity compressed the airflow between the wings, potentially increasing pressure underneath the upper jet’s wings and on top of the lower one’s. This could reduce the effective lift on the lower jet while altering pitching moments. Downwash from the upper jet’s wings would push downward on the lower one, exacerbating any stall tendency.
• In-between airflow: In very close formation (especially stacked), the gap creates a “channel” effect. Airflow accelerates or becomes highly turbulent, similar to venturi-like behavior or wing-in-ground-effect but inverted and unstable. This often leads to aerodynamic interference, where control surfaces (ailerons, elevators, rudders) lose effectiveness due to separated flow or vortices. One or both jets likely experienced a sudden departure from controlled flight (stall or spin entry) as angles of attack spiked post-contact.
After collision, the combined center of gravity and mass shifted dramatically, with asymmetric drag and thrust (engines still running at high power initially). This caused a rapid pitch-up (increased angle of attack leading to stall), followed by tumbling/cartwheeling as the entangled mass had no stable aerodynamic equilibrium. The pair behaved like a single, irregular, high-drag object with residual thrust, falling while rotating rather than gliding or separating cleanly.
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