One infection, two immune systems: complement and macrophages act within seconds, neutrophils recruit by hour 4-24 and drive fever, a dendritic cell hands off to the adaptive system by day...
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#USMLE#Step1#MedEd#Immunology#shorts
One stem cell, every blood line: self-renew or commit, then the myeloid/lymphoid fork. TPO makes platelets, EPO makes red cells, G-CSF/M-CSF/GM-CSF split the granulocyte-monocyte line, IL-7 makes B and T cells, IL-15 makes NK cells...
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One swallow, tongue to stomach: the airway seals in under a second, then one ring of contraction travels the esophagus at 3-4 cm/s with the muscle ahead of it actively relaxed...
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#USMLE#Step1#MedEd#Gastroenterology#shorts
One releasing hormone, hypothalamus to target gland and back: hypothalamus fires a releasing hormone, pituitary answers with trophic hormone, target gland releases the final hormone...
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#USMLE#Step1#MedEd#Endocrinology#shorts
One patch of neuron membrane, rest to fire and back: −70 mV resting potential to −55 mV threshold triggers the Na+ upstroke, +30 mV overshoot, K+ repolarization, −80 mV undershoot. Refractory periods force the signal one-way down the axon.
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One droplet of filtrate, glomerulus to collecting duct: 180L filtered down to 1.5L urine a day. Loop diuretics hit NKCC2, thiazides hit NCC, spironolactone hits the collecting duct.
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#USMLE#Step1#MedEd#Nephron#shorts
How does a breath actually happen? Diaphragm drops → lung volume rises → alveolar pressure falls below atmospheric → air flows in. Pleural pressure never crosses zero — that's what keeps your lung from collapsing.
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#USMLE#MedTwitter#Step1
Your heart has its own electrical grid. ⚡
SA node fires → atria contract → AV node holds the signal ~0.1s (so the ventricles fill) → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers → ventricles squeeze from the apex up.
That tiny AV delay is the whole reason your heart pumps instead of just quivering. Save this for your next cardio block 🫀 Which step trips you up most? 👇 More high-yield medical exam prep → https://t.co/hOgSMnO7bQ ExamFlip App: https://t.co/RqYl8AM6Ih