Somalia’s federal system is stuck in a cycle of crippling political deadlock. What should be the urgent priority for Somali leaders to finally break the governance paralysis?
When Somalia adopted its Provisional Constitution in 2012, it laid out the vision of a federal state. Yet the most difficult questions; how power is shared, how resources are allocated, and how disputes are resolved remain unanswered. The result has been recurring political conflict, mistrust between political elites and selective Fedral-State cooperation.
Today, there is a growing disillusionment on Somalia’s statebuilding process - both nationally and internationally - over how the state is being imagined and governed. For more than a decade, the same cycle repeats: FGS and FMS clash over power, resources, representation and how elections should be managed? Each time it ends with the same story of agreements collapsing, reforms stalling, partners grow in frustration and citizens losing faith in the promise of a functional state.
The cost is heavy and multi-layered: governance paralysis, halted development and weakened security efforts drains energy and resources from the bigger picture of stability. These are not isolated issues; they are symptoms of a federal system that has no credible and permanent way to manage political conflicts. Unfortunately, Somali political culture remain driven by personalities rather than anchored on predictable institutions.
Puntland state has walked away from the table when its interests are ignored; Jubaland has resisted federal oversight, specially over elections and security and at times erupting into violent clash; and even states like Southwest, Galmudug, and Hirshabelle, often aligned with Mogadishu, have had moments of serious tension.
Somalia has relied on temporary fixes like the National Consultative Council (NCC) to ease tensions briefly but vanish with each new administration. There’s no continuity, no enforcement, no trust and no legitimacy. At best, it offers short-term relief. At worst, it reinforces the belief that disputes are only ever managed through brinkmanship and bargaining, not institutions and rules.
For the #InternationalPartners, cycles of repeated political crises has led to diminishing confidence in Somalia’s ability to sustain reforms, fueling frustration and fatigue. With each breakdown, the willingness of partners to underwrite Somalia’s progress weakens, not because of a lack of resources, but because of doubts that agreements will hold. This erosion of confidence risks undermining long-term support for peace and development, leaving Somalia more vulnerable to instability.
The #solution isn’t another meeting, another national dialogue; it’s structure and institutions based on constitutional mandates. Somalia needs:
1) A permanent Intergovernmental mechanism to mediate federal–state disputes, backed by clear rules and shared FGS-FMS ownership.
2) The establishment of the Constitutional Court that serve as the ultimate referee; interpreting the law, enforcing agreements, and ensuring fairness between the center and the states.
Those twin institutions would transform Somalia’s federalism from rivalry to cooperation by stabilizing politics, restoring trust, and keeping leaders focused on public service, security and development. Without them, Somalia risks endless brinkmanship, donor fatigue, and widening security vacuum that extremists and external proxy agendas will exploit.
This should form part of the main agenda for future administration with the support of partners on a clear accountability frameworks. It’s time to build institutions that outlast leaders by turning fragile bargains into lasting peace and stability.
#Somalia #Federalism #Governance #Peacebuilding #Security
Sky News goes deep inside Puntland’s frontline battle against ISIS. A 50-minute documentary uncovering how northeastern Puntland is confronting extremism. Watch here this link. #Puntland#Somalia#counterterrorism
https://t.co/L7Bnub5213
@SkyNews@UN_OCT
Unconfirmed reports say a Turkish-owned cargo ship carrying military supplies for TÜRKSOM, detained by Puntland Maritime Police Force, has diverted to #Djibouti instead of Mogadishu after its release. The vessel was released after a meeting in Bosaso where President Deni received Turkey’s ambassador to Somalia. Puntland said Turkey proved ownership of the weapons aboard.
ISIS militants launched a dawn attack in the Cal-Miskat mountains, Puntland, but Puntland forces successfully repelled them, inflicting heavy casualties on the attackers as shown on posted images
Let us stand with Puntland forces! #Puntland#Counterterrorism@IPSS_Addis@NYPDCT
BREAKING: ISIS militants reportedly carried out a dawn attack involving multiple suicide bombers in Cal-Miskaat mountains early Tuesday. Early reports indicate Somalia’s Puntland forces held their ground, repelling the attack.
Puntland counterterrorism platforms posted images of dead bodies of militants killed in the attack.
The attack took place in Haraaryo, in Togjaceel area, per Puntland.
Xamar xukun askareed kuma soo arag
MW Xasan shalay waxaa lagu doortay waa loo darsaday, ee bal ka warrama haddii berrina aan dhahno “ cid dhaanta lama haayo”!
Laba walxaad oo aan Xamar ku soo arkay haddii aysan is baddalin waxay fursad kale siinayaan MW Xasan.
1: Waxaan arkay shacab iyo siyaasiyiin xor ah oo aan shabaab iyo dowlad midna ka cabsaneyn oo rayigooda dhiibanaya.
2: Waxaan arkay siyaasiyiin qabsanaya kulano lagu dhaliilayo xukuumadda oo ammaanka goobta la leeyahay waxaa sugaya ciidanka dowladda. #Police iyo #NISA
Dhaqankaas inta uu jiro wey adagtahay in Xasan cid dhaanto la helo, ma ogi haddii dowladda gudaheeda dad mucaaradka agendahooda fuliya laga helo.
Mucaaradka howl baa u taal.
#Puntland security forces liberated Key #ISISCAVES in CALMISKAAD.
#Victory within reach.
Inta dhimatay Allaha u naxariisto, inta dhaawaca ahna u boogo dhayo.
Let's join hands.
Our conversation will focus on Puntland counter-terrorism operations against #ISIS in Cal-miskaad mountains.
Really excited to be moderating this event. Don’t miss out 👇🏼
@TheDailySomalia
Puntland's Operation Against Terror: Military Sacrifice and Social Unity.
Join us tonight, Wednesday at 9:00 PM on @TheDailySomalia’s X Space for an exclusive discussion featuring Puntland Vice President @HELugatoor, former Puntland candidates @DrGuledS and @alihwarsame.
The conversation will focus on Puntland’s counter-terrorism operations against #ISIS in Cal-miskaat mountains.
@AadamBadiic will be our moderator.
Don’t miss out, follow us on X for more updates.
#Puntland #ISIS #Somalia
#BREAKING: For the first time, direct confrontations have occurred in the areas of #Dhabancaddo, #Gubad, #Siido, and the Aba-Ruc well in the Al-Miskad mountain range, between Puntland Defense Forces and ISIS militants hiding in the region. Reliable security sources confirmed that Puntland forces have captured strategic areas and command bases previously held by ISIS. Several foreign fighters were reportedly killed during the clashes, though the exact number of casualties remains unclear.
Puntland forces have taken control of major #ISIS command posts, including:
- Awaydi command post
- Wacariyaad command post
- Salnafeed command post
- Kaadilay Command post
All these locations fall within #Ballidhidin District, Bari region.
Stay tuned for updates on Puntland's operations against ISIS on @TheDailySomalia.