Fernando J Álvarez

Opening new business routes | Inventor of 64 sport professions | autism | asperger | AACC 🇪🇸

[Fernando J Álvarez @FerCreate]

@yz9yt @NifuNifa712 5€ por coche, a 500 coches al día son 2.500€ al Día.

Venga, ánimo.

Es lo que tiene no saber sumar.

[Ihtesham Ali @ihtesham2005]

A Hungarian psychologist raised three daughters to prove that any child could become a chess grandmaster through early specialization. He succeeded. Two of them became grandmasters. One became the greatest female chess player who ever lived.

Then a sports scientist looked at the data and found something nobody wanted to hear.

His name is David Epstein. The book is called "Range."

The Polgar experiment is one of the most famous case studies in the history of deliberate practice. Laszlo Polgar wrote a book before his daughters were even born arguing that geniuses are made, not born. He homeschooled all three girls in chess from age four. By their teens, Susan, Sofia, and Judit were dominating tournaments against grown men. Judit became the youngest grandmaster in history at the time, breaking Bobby Fischer's record. The story became the gospel of early specialization. Pick a domain young, drill it hard, and you can manufacture excellence.

Epstein opens his book by telling that story honestly and then quietly demolishing the conclusion most people drew from it.

Chess works that way. Most things do not.

Here is the distinction that took him four years of research to articulate, and that almost nobody who quotes the 10,000 hour rule has ever read.

There are two kinds of environments in which humans develop expertise. Psychologists call them kind and wicked. A kind environment has clear rules, immediate feedback, and patterns that repeat reliably. Chess is the cleanest example. Every game ends with a winner and a loser. Every move is recorded. The board never changes shape. The pieces never invent new ways to move. A child who plays ten thousand games will see most of the patterns that exist in the game, and pattern recognition is exactly what chess mastery is built on.

A wicked environment is the opposite. Feedback is delayed or misleading. Rules shift. The patterns that worked yesterday may be exactly the wrong patterns to apply tomorrow. Most of the real world looks like this. Medicine is wicked. Investing is wicked. Building a company is wicked. Scientific research is wicked. Almost every job that involves a complex changing system with humans in it is wicked.

The Polgar sisters trained in the kindest environment any human can train in. Their success was real and the method was correct. The mistake was generalizing the method to fields where the underlying structure of the environment is completely different.

Epstein's research is what made the implication impossible to ignore.

He looked at the careers of elite athletes outside of chess and golf and found that the pattern was almost the inverse of what people assumed. The athletes who reached the very top of their sports were overwhelmingly people who had played multiple sports as children, specialized late, and often switched disciplines well into their teens. Roger Federer played squash, badminton, basketball, handball, tennis, table tennis, and soccer before tennis became his focus. The kids who specialized in tennis at age six and trained year-round for a decade mostly burned out, got injured, or topped out at lower levels of the sport.

The same pattern showed up everywhere he looked outside of kind environments. Inventors with the most patents had worked in multiple unrelated fields before their breakthrough work. Comic book creators with the longest careers had drawn for the most different genres before settling. Scientists who won Nobel Prizes were dramatically more likely than their peers to be serious amateur musicians, painters, sculptors, or writers.

The skill that mattered in wicked environments was not depth in one pattern. It was the ability to recognize when a pattern from one domain applied unexpectedly in another. That kind of thinking cannot be built by drilling a single subject. It can only be built by accumulating mental models from many subjects and learning to move between them.

The deeper finding is the one that should change how you think about your own career.

Specialists in wicked environments often get worse with experience, not better. Epstein cites studies of doctors, financial analysts, intelligence officers, and forecasters showing that years of experience in a narrow domain frequently produce more confident judgments without producing more accurate ones. The expert builds elaborate mental models that feel comprehensive and turn out to be increasingly disconnected from the actual structure of the problem. They stop noticing what does not fit their framework. They mistake fluency for understanding.

Generalists do better in wicked domains for a reason that sounds almost mystical until you understand the mechanism. They have less invested in any single mental model, so they abandon broken models faster. They are used to being a beginner, so they are not threatened by the discomfort of not knowing. They have seen enough different domains that they can usually find an analogy from one field that unlocks a problem in another. The technical name for this is analogical thinking, and the research on it is one of the most underrated bodies of work in cognitive science.

The single most useful sentence in the entire book is the one Epstein puts almost as a throwaway.

Match quality matters more than head start.

A person who tries six different fields in their twenties and finds the one that genuinely fits them will outperform a person who picked one field at fourteen and stuck to it on willpower alone. The lost years were not lost. They were the search process that produced the match. Every field they walked away from taught them something they later imported into the field they finally chose.

The reason this is so hard to accept is cultural, not empirical. We tell children to pick a path early. We reward the prodigy who knew at six. We treat the late bloomer as someone who failed to launch on time, when the data suggests they were running an entirely different and often more effective optimization process underneath.

The Polgar sisters were not wrong. The conclusion the world drew from them was.

If your environment is genuinely kind, specialize early and drill hard. If it is wicked, and almost every interesting human problem is, then the people who win are the ones who refused to specialize until they had seen enough to know what was actually worth specializing in.

You are not behind. You were running the right experiment all along.

[Fernando J Álvarez @FerCreate]

@Iluvatar626 Mente
Miente
Mi ente

A saber…

[Fernando J Álvarez @FerCreate]

@Iluvatar626 Yo recuerdo hasta lo que hablábamos jajaja parece que tú no … oh si? Jajaja

[Fernando J Álvarez @FerCreate]

@Iluvatar626 Siempre hay ese tipo de personas a tu alrededor, aunque no sepas de ellas. Aunque se vayan y vuelvan.

Siempre están ahí.

¿Recuerdas cuando hablamos hace diez años, incluso diría que tirando a 20 años??

Siempre estamos, están ahi. Y cuando los / nos invocas, aparecen ;-)

[Akshay Krishnaswamy @hyperindexed]

A map of ARPANET, the precursor to the internet, showing the 111 computer terminals connected to the network in 1977.

[Cultura Literal @culturaliteral1]

Dos ingenieros que piratearon el sistema de entretenimiento de un avión para jugar a un videojuego recibieron billetes de avión gratuitos de por vida por parte de la aerolínea tras revelar cómo lo hicieron.

[Fernando J Álvarez @FerCreate]

@hijadelmanso @ImpactoEterno Eso es demasiado básico y no aporta nada.

[El Pelado De La TV @peladodelatv]

Miren la alegría de dos animales que fueron criados juntos y luego separados, miren la alegría de reencontrarse, esto es tan hermoso.

[FINAL FANTASY VII @finalfantasyvii]

Streamlined Progression, letting you keep all gauges fully charged and continually hit for 9999 damage is included in the Nintendo Switch 2 and Xbox versions of Final Fantasy VII Rebirth and will be added to the PS5 and PC versions.

More details to come soon.

[Fernando J Álvarez @FerCreate]

@eduardojvv En la india no había enfermos mentales hasta que llegaron los psicólogos.

También hay personas que ignoran que entre los efectos secundarios de la medicación psiquiátrica están: ansiedad, problemas de sueño, depresión, tendencias suicid4s.. así que hay clientes para siempre.

[Fernando J Álvarez @FerCreate]

@ADaimiel En breve te escribo por privado y te contrato… si todo sale como tiene que salir.

Saludos

[Fernando J Álvarez @FerCreate]

@Xar_Crystal Hay otro aparato que en caso de colapso no se necesita tener radio aficionado, ni internet.

Recientemente he visto la publicación aunque no recuerdo el nombre del aparato.

Creo que no necesita licencia de uso.

Tendría que buscarlo.

[Fernando J Álvarez @FerCreate]

@Fauerzaesp Estados Unidos salvó al régimen comunista porque necesitaban un enemigo para justificaciones políticas, inversiones aquí y allá, y un largo etcétera.

Puedes buscarlo, es historia. Evitó que millones de soviéticos no murieran de hambre. Por eso en la URSS nadie odiaba a USA.

[Fernando J Álvarez @FerCreate]

@AlmodovarRivas @galizanova @Xunta @ppdegalicia @SrtaMGM @obloque Ni lo intentes… no van a saber de que les estás hablando.

[Capitán General de los Tercios @capTercio]

La noche del 29 de abril de 1618, Constantinopla, capital del Imperio Otomano, fue escenario de una rebelión sin precedentes.
García del Castillo Bustamante era un alférez nacido en Sevilla. Fue capturado en combate al norte de Marruecos y reducido a la esclavitud.
Había pasado

[Fernando J Álvarez @FerCreate]

@Yoli_Moreno_S @manuelrico A mi me echaron de un local hace 25 años por besar a j a chica.

La chica era bisexual. Pensaron que éramos una pareja de dos heterosexuales besándose y nos echaron.

Yo iba a ese local porque uno de mis amigos homosexuales era a veces dj de allí.

El local era de una amiga.

[Samuel @guidoprincesa]

Reconstruiremos todo lo que destruyan, levantaremos todo lo que derriben.