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As terms for peace, Putin is insisting on 1) Ukraine remaining non-aligned, 2) Russian sovereignty over Crimea, and 3) continued Russian control over the eastern territories.
As such they constitute terms of surrender.
Assuming continuation of the war is not to Russia's advantage, Putin has to compromise.
Is there no way forward?
The attempt to bring Ukraine into NATO originated with the Americans in 1994 (in secret) and constitutes the original casus belli. A conflict would long ago have been averted had the US changed its mind on this idea, which was always opposed vigorously by the Europeans. And now Zelensky wants membership because Russia attacked Ukraine. In other words Putin's solution to the original problem has now made any future settlement that much more difficult. It means that even without NATO membership, the Ukrainians will need firm security guarantees against future Russian aggression.
On Crimea, the break up of the Soviet Union resulted in sustained agitation in the Duma for the return of Crimea into Russian hands. It was never ethnically Ukrainian when Khrushchev handed it over to Kyiv in 1954 on a whim. It is also strategically important as the home of Russia's Black Sea Fleet. Here there is no way Russia will accept its return to Ukraine (under any government, even without Putin.)
The territories in eastern Ukraine were annexed by Russia in the same way as was Crimea, but as hostage to terms of peace that Putin originally sought. The Russians rushed through legislation that supposedly made them Russian by law. But only by Russian law, which, under a dictator, is meaningless to the civilised world.
The only way out that saves face for Russia is to institute an arrangement such as was made for the Free Territory of Trieste after World War II, whereby mixed ethnic inhabitants could live under one roof without being forced into either Yugoslavia or Italy.
It's fascinating how, in the 1950s, US officials acknowledged - on the record - that socialism in the global South was a more effective development model than capitalism.
Their response was to impose crushing sanctions on *every single* socialist country, to deny them access to necessary technologies and capital goods in hopes of limiting their industrialization.
Remembering, missing Marianne Faithfull, singing her BROKEN ENGLISH
“What are you
Fighting for?
It’s not my security
…
What are you Dying for?
It's not my Reality”
https://t.co/uGC3XwKzVV
There is a strange idea in some environmentalist circles that human population is the main cause of ecological breakdown, and that humans have an *intrinsically* negative impact on ecosystems. Both claims are incorrect.
First, human ecological impact is entirely a function of the system of production and provisioning. It depends on what is being produced, under what conditions, and how the yields of production are distributed.
For instance, an economy that uses mostly public transit, renewable energy, multi-unit housing and plant-based protein can meet human needs with a fraction of the impact of an economy that produces a lot of SUVs, fossil fuels, mansions and industrial beef, and which allocates a bunch of totally unnecessary production to service the fantasies of overconsuming elites.
Remember, we know it is possible to provide decent living standards (DLS) for 8.5 billion people with 30% of current global energy and material use, by ensuring efficient technologies and focusing production on socially necessary goods and services.
That much is fairly straightforward. But one might say that, even so, every person will always have some negative impact. This too is incorrect. Again, it depends entirely on the production system, and specifically, what people are mobilized to do.
Under capitalism, labour is mobilized overwhelmingly to produce things that are profitable to capital. But labour could just as easily be mobilized instead for regeneration. Using straightforward public finance mechanisms, we can fund massive programmes to reforest barren lands, regenerate degraded ecosystems, restore biodiversity, advance agroecological methods, etc.
Under these conditions, it is possible for societies to not only have minimal negative impact on ecology, but to have a net-positive impact, actively improving ecological indicators.
People buy into the myth of the intrinsic destructiveness of humans because we have come to take capitalism for granted. But it is 100% possible to organize production and labour differently.
Under capitalism, we are compelled to produce whatever is most profitable to capital, even if it is destructive to humans and nature. Under conditions of economic democracy, we can produce what we know is necessary for well-being and ecology.