Olivia
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Historyun
@HistoryunTweets
History Films and Documentaries (Formerly ILM FILM)
Free books and resources
London
Joined July 2023
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36 Posts
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Decoding al-Idrissi's ancient map of the world and explaining Ibn Khaldun's Muqaddimah and it's 7 Zones.
Join the Adab Book Club for the full video https://t.co/zgyfkKubz2
#IbnKhaldun #alMuqaddimah
@Criter10n Time will tell. Sadly, we have become too familiar with the lies at the beginning but let us wait and see...
𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗔𝗟𝗟 𝗧𝗜𝗠𝗘𝗦✍️📚
𝗜𝗯𝗻 𝗝𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗹-𝗧𝗮𝗯𝗮𝗿𝗶 (839-923) is undisputedly the single greater Historiographer in the history of Islam, by virtue not only of the sheer volume of text (he is said to have written enough to fill the equivalent of a notebook 📒 for each day of his adult life) but also due to the depth and variety of his manuscripts.
His Histories, most commonly referred to simply as 𝙏𝙖𝙧𝙞𝙠𝙝 𝙖𝙡-𝙏𝙖𝙗𝙖𝙧𝙞, has been translated into the English language by an entire taskforce of Western Academics, comprised of the Western wold's most notable names. Having been included or involved in this monumental project basically confirmed a person's status as a notable and accomplished heavy-weight in the field of Muslim history.
Their collective effort resulted in an "abridged" translation of Tabari's Tarikh which is comprised of 40 volumes!! (It took Tabari approximately 12 years to complete his draft)
When he had finished his collection, Tabari went on a lecturing tour in Baghdad and surrounding areas, delivering lectures in various Mosques and centres of learning.
Within a very short span of time, libraries all over the Muslim world had stocked multiple copies of his Magnum Opus and various translations were made a short while later (some even with illustrations).
At-Tabari was a living publication and a one man industrial machine.
His accomplishments go above and beyond the remit of Historiography. He was also a consummate scholar and an exceptional Jurist who scaled the towering heights of Islamic scholarship to become a Mujtahid Mutlaq (the final boss level of scholarship).
Such was his vast knowledge and deep erudition that an entire School of Jurisprudence (Madhab) was named after him (Al-Jareeri).
What a legacy!
Fun fact. Virtually every Historian who comes after at-Tabari cites him as a primary and essential source, including modern scholars. His work is what connects us to the ancient realm but it was also the last of its kind (in detail, erudition and breadth).
So now you know who the GOAT of Islamic History was, and a little bit about his accomplishments.
As for 𝗜𝗯𝗻 𝗞𝗵𝗮𝗹𝗱𝘂𝗻. He is often celebrated as the Father of Historiography and Sociology however his work is judged by a different standard (for its originality and pioneering edge). He was appointed Chief Justice in Egypt multiple times (and sacked at no fewer than 6 times) also serving in various capacities as an official within various government regimes across North Africa. His Al-Muqaddima remains one of the most powerful and widely revered books in the field of Historiography and social sciences.
[ You can discover more about the Muqaddima biabthe 𝗔𝗱𝗮𝗯 𝗕𝗼𝗼𝗸 𝗖𝗹𝘂𝗯 📚 on Telegram where the contents and general outline of this book will be covered in short daily videos for the duration of February 2024. Join by clicking here ➡️ https://t.co/LCvtNpommq ]
![HistoryunTweets's tweet photo. 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗔𝗟𝗟 𝗧𝗜𝗠𝗘𝗦✍️📚
𝗜𝗯𝗻 𝗝𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗹-𝗧𝗮𝗯𝗮𝗿𝗶 (839-923) is undisputedly the single greater Historiographer in the history of Islam, by virtue not only of the sheer volume of text (he is said to have written enough to fill the equivalent of a notebook 📒 for each day of his adult life) but also due to the depth and variety of his manuscripts.
His Histories, most commonly referred to simply as 𝙏𝙖𝙧𝙞𝙠𝙝 𝙖𝙡-𝙏𝙖𝙗𝙖𝙧𝙞, has been translated into the English language by an entire taskforce of Western Academics, comprised of the Western wold's most notable names. Having been included or involved in this monumental project basically confirmed a person's status as a notable and accomplished heavy-weight in the field of Muslim history.
Their collective effort resulted in an "abridged" translation of Tabari's Tarikh which is comprised of 40 volumes!! (It took Tabari approximately 12 years to complete his draft)
When he had finished his collection, Tabari went on a lecturing tour in Baghdad and surrounding areas, delivering lectures in various Mosques and centres of learning.
Within a very short span of time, libraries all over the Muslim world had stocked multiple copies of his Magnum Opus and various translations were made a short while later (some even with illustrations).
At-Tabari was a living publication and a one man industrial machine.
His accomplishments go above and beyond the remit of Historiography. He was also a consummate scholar and an exceptional Jurist who scaled the towering heights of Islamic scholarship to become a Mujtahid Mutlaq (the final boss level of scholarship).
Such was his vast knowledge and deep erudition that an entire School of Jurisprudence (Madhab) was named after him (Al-Jareeri).
What a legacy!
Fun fact. Virtually every Historian who comes after at-Tabari cites him as a primary and essential source, including modern scholars. His work is what connects us to the ancient realm but it was also the last of its kind (in detail, erudition and breadth).
So now you know who the GOAT of Islamic History was, and a little bit about his accomplishments.
As for 𝗜𝗯𝗻 𝗞𝗵𝗮𝗹𝗱𝘂𝗻. He is often celebrated as the Father of Historiography and Sociology however his work is judged by a different standard (for its originality and pioneering edge). He was appointed Chief Justice in Egypt multiple times (and sacked at no fewer than 6 times) also serving in various capacities as an official within various government regimes across North Africa. His Al-Muqaddima remains one of the most powerful and widely revered books in the field of Historiography and social sciences.
[ You can discover more about the Muqaddima biabthe 𝗔𝗱𝗮𝗯 𝗕𝗼𝗼𝗸 𝗖𝗹𝘂𝗯 📚 on Telegram where the contents and general outline of this book will be covered in short daily videos for the duration of February 2024. Join by clicking here ➡️ https://t.co/LCvtNpommq ]](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GFELSDhWgAI0Wfy.jpg)
The Biography of Ibn Khaldun. A book review
Looking for History Book Recommendations? 📚
Join the Adab Book Club on Telegram for daily posts and commentary.
https://t.co/Ojz4cc9Vkq
Looking for History Book Recommendations? 📚
Join the Adab Book Club on Telegram for (almost) daily posts and commentary.
https://t.co/zgyfkKtDJu
TALKING FISH 🐟
Ah yes, the good old cliché....
"The Saudis betrayed the Ottoman Caliph"
Honestly, let's have a little conversation, between friends. Can we be a little less facetious and be a little bit more serious about History?
This comment should be a thing of the past now that there is an abundance of free information and literally an internet full of correct historical perspective on the subject of WW1, the Ottoman Empire and the Arab Revolt.
For the final time, the Saudis did NOT betray the Ottoman Caliph, they resisted and opposed him - from the very beginning.
In the past, we've been called all sorts of names for publishing critical content on the subject of the Saudi Kingdom (or the Third Saudi State, to be historically precise) but one thing we are not accused of is lying about the history, therefore we will speak in truth even when it is easier and more convenient to follow the crowd.
The truth is, the Al-Saud NEVER betrayed the Ottoman Caliph. Did they oppose it? Absolutely, but their opposition was consistent throughout the centuries and did not wait for British intervention to find purpose and reason.
The claims of a Saudi "Betrayal" of the Ottoman Caliphate is as logical as claiming that Abdullah Ibn Zubayr and Hussein Ibn Ali Betrayed the Umayyads or in the context of WWI - that the Germany "Betrayed" Britain.
There is no betrayal where there was never any alliance or friendship. Let us be clear and concise.
Do you expect all Muslims to always be unified and on friendly terms? That is not a reflection of reality because the Abbasids were always against the Umayyads, the Almohads against the al-Murabitoun, the Mamluks against the Ottomans and so on. So any of these parties engaging in opposition and conquest against their adversary cannot be accused of betrayal, hostility and opposition - yes, but betrayal, no.
The veritable and actual traitors towards the Ottomans were none other than the Husseinid Hashemites of Makkah. They satisfied and met every condition of betrayal towards the Ottoman Caliphate....
• Pledged allegiance to the Ottoman Sultan-Caliph
• Received state-allowances from the Sultan-Caliph
• Was entrusted with the Guardianship of Makkah
• Served as allies and subjects of the Ottomans
The Hashemites under Shariff Hussein Ibn Ali betrayed the Ottomans and he did so only after the British paid him and offered him incentive to do so (see Hussein-McMahon Correspondence).
Critical commentary is great 👍 but it must be factual or at least reasonable, otherwise we are at risk of proving ourselves ignorant in gatherings where people actually read and understand history, properly.
As per the old English proverb
"Be careful where you share stories about talking fish, especially in places where the people know the fish, by name"
Saudi-hate has been normalised and for some it's a form of stress relief (if not even Ibadah) but can we be a little objective and level headed going forwards guys, please.
https://t.co/lknbmIyCWq
𝗕𝗘𝗧𝗪𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗛𝗢𝗣𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗗𝗘𝗦𝗣𝗔𝗜𝗥 ⚖️
The intentional study and enquiry into the past, when done correctly- should be an exercise in Reason and Reflection.
History is not supposed to be an instrument of demoralisation, employed as a constant reminder of past or present failure to meet some lofty ideal.
It is regrettable that more often than not, when discussing the history of this Ummah, no opportunity is wasted to instill a sentiment of continual sorrow, crushing shame and hopelessness in the hearts and minds of the Muslims.
This is not right.
But then there is the opposite extreme, one of exuberance and utopianism, wherein the Muslim past is reinvented and reimagined to have been a monolithic thread of events all following the same magnificent and illustrious trail of victories and discoveries. A glorious past without fault and free of any blemishes.
As such, proponents of this false narrative often ward people away from the more difficult chapters, dismissing them as being unimportant, inconsequential or discussions that are far beyond the intellectual reach of the masses. Leaving the masses with only the highlights and triumphs in what would appear to be a perfect past.
This too, is not right.
History is neither a poison pill nor is it a placebo.
There is balance, in between.
Dr Mustafa as-Siba'ee presents a compelling and commendable effort in balancing both perspectives in his brief yet informative book "Civilization of Faith", wherein he demonstrates and illustrates the vast and diverse history of Islam in an easy yet informative style.
There is so much we can learn from our history, both in its highlights and it's lowlights. The objective is not to carve a perfect image of the past nor to look down upon our comparative present condition, but to build a bridge between both dimensions while maintaining integrity and clarity of narrative.
History is not a horror show, neither is it a spectacle of magic.
If learning about your past (whatever it may be) only saddens and discourages you, then perhaps you need to find new books or new teachers. Likewise, if hearing and learning about your past gives you the impression that you are somehow above others and that your ancestors were the fount of all Knowledge and Civilization, then you need to expand your list of books and start reading from the "other" perspective, because you can learn as much from the critics as you can from the fans of history.
History proper, should instil a proportionate yet opposite measure of hope as well as remorse, pride as well as the realisation that human nature often falters and that men will be prone to temptations and greed, even those in religious settings.
𝗔 𝗱𝗮𝘆 𝗶𝗻 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆
Exactly 50 years ago. Leaders of the Muslim World converged and gathered in Lahore in attendance of a spectacular two day conference scheduled between February 22nd - 24th, 1974.
This momentous event was hosted by Pakistan's Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and was organised by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). "Islamic Cooperation" a very pertinent combination of words, especially at the state and international level.
So what was on the agenda??
• Greater cooperation and collaboration at an economic and political level.
• Closer working ties between Muslim nations
• Reconciliation and greater diplomacy within the Muslim world
• Resources and Strategic alliances (🛢️🛢️🛢️🛢️)
• Defence of Al Aqsa
It was a Dawah convention, a Political Summit and a major Public spectacle all rolled into one event and it was hosted exactly 50 years since the Muslims lost their last empire (Ottoman) and now the new leaders of the global Muslim community were gathered to pave a way forward.
Among the prominent names in attendance were
• Muammar al-Gaddafi
• Faisal Ibn Abdul-Aziz
• Mujib ur-Rahman
• Anwar Sadat
• Yasser Arafat
• Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Seated besides one another inside a Masjid, the leaders of the Muslim World showed (at least externally) unity and uniformity in their ambition and commitment to recreate some form of unitary global economic order, something that instilled hope and aspiration in the hearts of millions of Muslims worldwide.
Not a pleasant sight for the former colonial administrators who had done everything in their power to keep these nations divided and at a distance from the idea of a "Global Islamic Confederacy" of any sort whatsoever.
𝙎𝙤 𝙬𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙝𝙖𝙥𝙥𝙚𝙣𝙚𝙙? 🤔
Each and every single one of those leaders identified in the photograph was soon eliminated, brutally and under suspicious circumstances.
What is it about the Muslim World that would enable such volatility and violence to be left unchecked for decades on end.
• 🇸🇦 𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗙𝗮𝗶𝘀𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗯𝗻 𝗔𝗯𝗱𝘂𝗹-𝗔𝘇𝗶𝘇: The first and most disturbing case happened only a year after the conference in Lahore when on March 25th 1975, Malik Faisal was brutally gunned down at close range in his own office.
The hit was carried out by his estranged nephew who had recently returned from his studies in the West and supposedly decided to settle old scores for the death of his brother at a protest against the introduction of television networks in the kingdom years earlier
• 🇧🇩 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗠𝘂𝗷𝗶𝗯 𝘂𝗿-𝗥𝗮𝗵𝗺𝗮𝗻: then only 5 months later, in August 15, 1975. Bangladesh lost its Revolutionary leader and it's first president "Bangabandhu" Sheikh Mujibur-Rahman when his home was stormed by a group of soldiers who entered and eliminated their target including everyone present in the home. It was the result of a Coup organised by group of soldiers who had been plotting on his downfall
• 🇵🇰 𝗭𝘂𝗹𝗳𝗶𝗸𝗮𝗿 𝗔𝗹𝗶 𝗕𝗵𝘂𝘁𝘁𝗼: The 1970's was a very brutal decade for leaders of the Muslim World. A third victim was eliminated from the roster when on April 4th 1979, general Zia ul-Haqq passed an executive order for Pakistan's former leader (toppled by a Coup) and the man behind the conference of 1974 himself, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto - to be executed.
• 🇪🇬 𝗔𝗻𝘄𝗮𝗿 𝗦𝗮𝗱𝗮𝘁: Two years would elapse until the next victim was eliminated. This time it was Egyptian President Anwar Sadat who on October 6th 1981 was gunned down in broad daylight by members of the Islamic Jihad, during an official public military parade. His attackers were unhappy with his decision to normalize relations with Israel and decided to eliminate him.
• 🇵🇸 𝗬𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗔𝗿𝗮𝗳𝗮𝘁: Leading figure of the PLO was allegedly poisoned by the Israeli secret services and HIV was found in his blood.
• 🇱🇾 𝗠𝘂𝗮𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿 𝗮𝗹-𝗚𝗮𝗱𝗱𝗮𝗳𝗶: Well, we all know what happened on October 20th 2011, because it was televised.
𝗔 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗧𝗮𝗹𝗲
From the early 1900s, European oil exploration missions were already operating in Persia (Iran), relentlessly digging for oil in anticipation of great returns. Surely enough, it didn't take much time before they struck Gold. Thus in 1913, the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company was established.
As expected, Britain took a majoritarian share of the proceeds, with a 51% stake in the enterprise.
At the time, Iran was being pulled at either end by the Russians and by the British, as they wrestled one either end of the ideological spectrum (Communism vs Capitalism) for control of the Oil rich nation.
Regrettably, the Qajar dynasty was known to be easily manipulated, overly dependent and pathetically subservient to foreign interests, but despite this - not everyone was willing to allow the nation to be exploited for its resources.
𝗗𝗿 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝗮𝗱𝗱𝗲𝗴𝗵
Mohammed Mosaddegh began his career as an academic, qualifying as a Lawyer before steadily working his way into government before finally becoming Prime Minister.
Upon seizing power, Dr Mosaddegh wasted no time in evicting the Russians from his country, the oil-sucking parasite had to be flushed out at once. He then turned to the British banditry and formally cut all ties with them, openly declaring Britain to be an enemy of Iran, in 1952.
His greatest affront was in reclaiming full proprietary control of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, thereby Nationalising Iran's the Oil industry (which had started as a 49%-51% partnership in favour of the British but eventually became a 100% exploit of the British by 1934).
Mosaddegh was a man of action. He also introduced fiscal reforms and granted the working population social security benefits, removed corrupt officials from government and gave the Russians their eviction notice.
𝗕𝘆 𝗛𝗼𝗼𝗸 𝗼𝗿 𝗯𝘆 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗽
Quite naturally, Winston Churchill and his British administration didn't like Mosaddegh's bold and defiant regime, so they sought to talk him out of it, but the refused to abandon his policy.
They lodged a Formal Complaint against him, with the UN. When that plan also didn't work either, they closed ranks with their American counterparts (CIA) and did what came naturally to them.
𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟯
August of 1953 will forever be remembered as the summer in which the CIA and the MI6 pulled off the most blatant and desperate Heist in modern history.
Needless to say, leading up to the big day, they pumped several millions into the operation and financed a mass riot in Tehran to provoke the public against their government. They followed this up with controlled opposition protests, which were all staged and funded by the CIA in order to give the illusion of some sort of grassroot resistance and clash between two opposing camps.
Mosaddegh was removed from power and seized. They forcefully dissolved his government and effectively ended his career.
After his forced removal and arrest, they reinstated Mohammed Reza Pahlavi (the puppet Shah of Iran who had fled abroad in fear for his life) and swiftly clawed back their investment (the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company) which had been nationalised by Mosaddegh.
Henceforth, Iran'a vast Oil reserves were back in the control of the British.
The new criminal enterprise came to be known as "British Petroleum", today known simply as BP.
𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀
Several decades after this shameful incident, the Americans finally admitted to financing and instigation of the Coup against Mosaddegh in August 1953.
According to the now declassified secret document, the CIA admits...
“𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐩 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐞𝐰 𝐌𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐪 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐭 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐂𝐈𝐀 𝐝𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐬 𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐔𝐒 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐲"
@AnzTech Barakallahu Feekum. It's only a matter of time InshaaAllah
A Message to the UMMAH. 100 Years Later
Find out more about this special annual program
https://t.co/EuUUUDCObC
Happy new year 🎊
2024 is not an occasion for celebration, it's actually a key milestone in the collective decline of this Ummah. It was in 1924 that the last central governing establishment (Ottoman Empire) breathed it's last before being formally abolished and buried into the dust.
Since 1924, (approximately) 50 Muslim majority nations that were created from the rubble of the last Muslim Empire began their struggle for self determination and identity.
They tried everything from Secularism, Revivalism, Reformism, Nationalism, Marxism, Terrorism and now Modernism is the latest iterative episode in the series of unfortunate experiments.
2024 is a knock on the door. It's been 100 years and this global community of over +1.5bn Muslims has proven itself incapable of restoring even a shadow of what was once considered the sick man of Europe.
So where did things go wrong, what lessons have we learned and what should we be mindful of and sure to avoid in the coming 100 years??
If the situation in Gaza has taught us anything, it's that history will repeat itself for as long and as often as she needs to, until lessons are learned and new direction taken.
Ya Umatul Islam, celebrate your funeral tonight, let the fireworks bang so that the whole world is reminded that it's been 100 years in 2024. Let those who have worked for a century to restore the establishment and order of Islam take a moment to look at their trails, to review and examine the Century past. What has been achieved and what is needed for the coming century.
2024 is a very important and significant milestone as we enter into the second century under the shadow of Atatürk (and many others).
He would surely be smiling a hundred years later if he were alive in 2024.
@premium how can custom thumbnails be added to published videos?
Register now for our upcoming annual program "Shadow History" and discover 100 years of history from 1900-2000. https://t.co/78GK7OQgXl
WAAQISM, Discover the ancient history of Somalia's pre Islamic epoch
https://t.co/49VymziTRI
The ancient history of Makkah. Episode 01 of Deeper Seerah out now on YouTube https://t.co/IBbFXUMuiE
Extract from Muhammad Asad's "Islam at the Crossroads".
Full Literary review to be published on Sunday InshaaAllah
Join the Adab Book Club on Telegram
https://t.co/zgyfkKubz2
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