ADVANCED MONITORING & EVALUATION
Session 2: M&E Frameworks and Models
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The QUESTIONS below range from foundational concepts to practical application and critical thinking about M&E systems.
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1. What's the difference between a Logic Model and a Theory of Change, and when would you use one over the other?
2. Explain the main components of a Results Framework and how they relate to each other (inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impact).
3. How do SMART criteria apply to developing indicators within an M&E framework?
4. What's the purpose of a baseline study in monitoring and evaluation, and at what stage of a project should it be conducted?
5. Describe the difference between process indicators and outcome indicators. Give an example of each for a health education program.
6. What are some common challenges organizations face when implementing M&E frameworks, and how might these be addressed?
7. How does a participatory M&E approach differ from traditional M&E, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
8. Explain what's meant by "assumptions" and "risks" in a logical framework (logframe), and why it's important to identify them.
9. How would you use an M&E framework to demonstrate accountability to donors while also supporting organizational learning and improvement?
10. Compare at least two different M&E frameworks or models (such as the Balanced Scorecard, Most Significant Change, or Outcome Mapping) and discuss what types of projects or contexts each might be best suited for.