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It is not often we see a Level 4 risk show up this early in the forecast for the Central Plains. This setup is looking much more aggressive than your typical spring storm day. Intense tornadoes and giant hail are likely tomorrow afternoon.
The seven cats in this picture are actually seven different theater stars.
When the Japanese government banned prints of theater actors in the 1840s, the artist Utagawa Kuniyoshi sidestepped the rule by giving cats the actors' facial features.
In the 1830s, Japan was shaken by a string of famines, epidemics, and economic crises. In 1841, Mizuno Tadakuni, the chief advisor to the Tokugawa shogun, spearheaded a series of strict laws known as the 'Tenpō Reforms'. The goal: to discipline the public, curtail luxury, and restore morality.
Theater actors were at the top of the list. The administration viewed the public's admiration for these stars as a threat to social order. Celebrity prints were the engine of pop culture back then, hanging in practically every home. By banning them, officials hoped to redirect the public's attention toward 'serious' matters.
How severe was the ban?
Theater actors had to cover their faces with straw hats even when just walking down the street. This hat was actually the exact same kind worn by criminals and outcasts. The administration had symbolically reduced stage stars to the criminal class.
The image's genre is uchiwa-e, meaning fan print. Residents of Edo (modern-day Tokyo) carried these fans during hot summers. So, Kuniyoshi's print wasn't just a picture hanging on a wall - it was an everyday object that circulated on the streets, was used, and eventually thrown away when it wore out.
The ban was so effective that for a long time after 1842, actors' names couldn't be explicitly written on prints. Most of the time, only the names of the characters they played were included. Audiences would recognize an actor by their costume patterns, family crests, and facial features.
That's the real genius of Kuniyoshi's work: without removing the banned subjects from the image, he arranged seven of Edo's beloved faces across a fan just by giving them cat masks. The censorship bureau saw cute animals. The public, however, recognized the entire cast.
Image source: Robert Pryor / https://t.co/FvatHElBK1
Black Cat. An 18th-century scroll painting by Min Zhen. Ink on paper. The painting measures 78.5 x 38.5 cm, with a total length of 231 cm including its full mounting. It's currently in the collection of the Princeton University Art Museum (USA)**
Looking at the painting's background, we notice the space has been left completely blank (except for the signature - seal). There's no ground line or any surrounding object to indicate where the cat is standing. By using this empty space, Min Zhen keeps the viewer's focus entirely on the cat.
The artist was born in Nanchang in present-day Jiangxi province, China, and spent most of his life in Hubei. He was orphaned at the age of twelve. Contemporary sources write that he developed a reputation for being a strange, reclusive figure. He'd sometimes paint directly with his fingers instead of using a brush.
Min Zhen is traditionally associated with the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou (Yangzhou Ba Guai) group (though the core list varies). During the Qianlong era (1735-1796), this group openly rejected the emperor's principle that 'poetry and painting must adhere to ancient models.' Instead of academic polish, they championed individuality, wet brushwork, and abbreviated strokes.
In traditional Chinese society- especially from the Song Dynasty (960-1279) and continuing through the Qing period -cats were a very important part of daily life. They held a prominent place, especially for their roles in catching mice and protecting homes and books. When bringing a new cat into their homes, people didn't just make an ordinary purchase; they performed a ritual known as pin mao / na mao, meaning 'betrothing / welcoming the cat.'
The prospective adopter would complete the betrothal gift by presenting salt (which was a state monopoly and quite expensive ++ sometimes tea or sugar was given instead) to the owner of the mother cat, or, if the kitten was taken from a stray, by offering a string of fish directly to the mother cat.