Borst, I, Moser, C, and Ferguson, J (2018) From friendfunding to crowdfunding: Relevance of relationships, social media, and platform activities to crowdfunding performance. New Media & Society, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 1396-1414 DOI: 10.1177/1461444817694599 #ALM101DC
crowd funding: "One particular online activity that may create value is crowdfunding, where groups or individuals seek sources of funding among non-tradi- tional investors." (Borst et al., 1397:2018) #ALM101DC4
Activism is defined in this paper as involving local instigations of new series of elements intersecting the actual, generating new collective enunciations, experimentations and investigations, #ALM101DC
Moyo, L 2009, ‘Digital democracy: enhancing the public sphere’, in Creeber, G and Martin, R (eds.), Digital Cultures: Understanding New Media, Open University Press, Maidenhead, pp. 139-50 #ALM101DC
possibility : “Facebook is free, requiring only an Internet connection and email address. Therefore, social media may revitalize the public sphere by allowing people ‘to challenge discourses, share alternative perspectives and publish their own opinions’ #ALM101
Limitation: promoting the idea that unlimited access and equal participation exist on social media ignores the social and political realities of contemporary society. (Kruse et al., 2018:64) #ALM101DC
“Habermas ([1989] 1991:27) defines the public sphere as a place where ‘private people come together as a public’ for the purpose of using reason to further critical knowledge” (Kruse et al., 2018:62) #ALM101
Kruse, LM, Norris DR, and Flinchum JR (2018) Social Media as a Public Sphere?: Politics on Social Media. The Sociological Quarterley, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 62-84 https://t.co/dut9w9wMvm #ALM101