Losing weight essentially comes down to creating a calorie deficit.
For most people, they need some sort of framework to achieve this.
There are 4 broad ways to do it.
1. Quantity Restriction
Restrict how much you eat.
Here, you directly control the quantity of food consumed, thereby creating a calorie deficit.
Examples:
- Calorie counting
- Portion control
Best for people who want to eat all kinds of foods but are comfortable eating smaller portions.
2. Time Restriction
Restrict when you eat.
Here, you donโt necessarily change the type or quantity of food. Instead, you reduce your eating window or meal frequency, which often leads to a lower calorie intake.
Examples:
- Intermittent fasting
- Time restricted eating
Best for people who donโt mind eating less frequently but donโt want to count calories or restrict specific foods.
3. Food Restriction
Restrict what you eat.
Here you limit certain foods, food groups, or macronutrients as a way to reduce calorie intake.
Examples:
- Low carb diet
- Low fat diet
- Eliminating sugary drinks or ultra-processed foods
Best for people who prefer eating satisfying portions but are comfortable avoiding certain foods.
4. Appetite Suppression
Suppress how much you want to eat.
Instead of consciously controlling your food intake, you reduce hunger through external means, making it easier to maintain a calorie deficit.
This is where GLP-1 receptor agonists fall under
Best for people who struggle with hunger despite trying other approaches.
The first 3 are behavioral approaches, while the 4th is pharmacological.
There is no single best method.
Choose the one that best fits your lifestyle & personality.
You can combine 2 or more of these approaches to make maintaining a calorie deficit easier or want to make fast progress.
While there are differences between these dietary strategies beyond weight loss, when it comes to weight loss, they are largely different ways of achieving the same goal, a sustainable calorie deficit.
@Metabolic1992 As long as there is mind muscle connection & you can get most out of a movement & ofcourse not cause injury, everything is fine. F the form police
One dangerous pattern I see among some hardcore vegetarians is
(NOT vegetarianism itself)
But it is DENIAL.
A vegetarian diet cannot be nutritionally adequate unless it is planned well.
This shouldnโt even be controversial.
This doesnt even mean Veg diet is bad, it simply means that certain nutrients require more attention.
But instead of acknowledging this, the conversation becomes โOur ancestors were vegetarians & they were perfectly healthy.โ or โMeat eaters also get diseases.โ All of which may be true.
But none of them answers the question
โAre you getting all the nutrients you need from your current diet?โ
Even when reports show the mirror & health deteriorates, the denial continues. Because the diet stopped being just food & became an identity.
& admitting that the diet needs supplementation starts feeling like admitting that the diet has โfailed.โ
If they somehow get around to accepting gaps in their diet, there is a bigger problem.
Instead of taking the nutrient they are actually deficient in, they turn to herbal tonics & โnatural boostersโ
Because psychologically, a herbal product somehow feels more compatible with their veg diet than an โartificial supplement.โ
This not only cannot fix the problem, some of these have serious adverse effects, including drug induced liver injury.
Another thing is people who follow similar diets naturally tend to discuss food with each other. This creates an echo chamber & they keep reassuring each other that their choice is the best.
Deficiencies get normalized. Symptoms get rationalized.
& legit concerns are dismissed as โanti-vegetarian propaganda.โ
This gets even worse with stupid Instagram reels, milking your ignorance to sell stuff.
A diet should serve your health.
You shouldnโt have to keep rationalizing your diet to defend it. If your health is paying the price, itโs time to rethink the approach, not justify the problem.
@ShanElan8 Iโm not in anyway asking anyone to eat non veg or even eggs if they donโt wish to.
But awareness is important so one can make slightly more informed choices.
I agree that pricing is a real challenge. Whey is now expensive. Paneer for a family can be expensive.
One dangerous pattern I see among some hardcore vegetarians is
(NOT vegetarianism itself)
But it is DENIAL.
A vegetarian diet cannot be nutritionally adequate unless it is planned well.
This shouldnโt even be controversial.
This doesnt even mean Veg diet is bad, it simply means that certain nutrients require more attention.
But instead of acknowledging this, the conversation becomes โOur ancestors were vegetarians & they were perfectly healthy.โ or โMeat eaters also get diseases.โ All of which may be true.
But none of them answers the question
โAre you getting all the nutrients you need from your current diet?โ
Even when reports show the mirror & health deteriorates, the denial continues. Because the diet stopped being just food & became an identity.
& admitting that the diet needs supplementation starts feeling like admitting that the diet has โfailed.โ
If they somehow get around to accepting gaps in their diet, there is a bigger problem.
Instead of taking the nutrient they are actually deficient in, they turn to herbal tonics & โnatural boostersโ
Because psychologically, a herbal product somehow feels more compatible with their veg diet than an โartificial supplement.โ
This not only cannot fix the problem, some of these have serious adverse effects, including drug induced liver injury.
Another thing is people who follow similar diets naturally tend to discuss food with each other. This creates an echo chamber & they keep reassuring each other that their choice is the best.
Deficiencies get normalized. Symptoms get rationalized.
& legit concerns are dismissed as โanti-vegetarian propaganda.โ
This gets even worse with stupid Instagram reels, milking your ignorance to sell stuff.
A diet should serve your health.
You shouldnโt have to keep rationalizing your diet to defend it. If your health is paying the price, itโs time to rethink the approach, not justify the problem.
If you think LDL or ApoB has nothing to do with heart disease, youโre wrong.
If you think LDL is the most important risk factor for heart disease and lowering it helps everyone, youโre also wrong.
I know, I just upset everyone. So if you are still reading, thank you for being curious enough to sit with nuance. Let's talk about it. ๐งต
Dairy Intolerance: Lactose Intolerance vs Casein Sensitivity
๐ต Dairy intolerance refers to the body's inability to properly digest or tolerate milk & milk products.
๐ต Dairy can cause problems in people in 2 ways.
- Lactose Intolerance
- Casein Sensitivity
โถ๏ธ Lactose Intolerance
๐ต Lactose is a form of sugar found in Milk & Milk products.
๐ต Your body requires an enzyme called Lactase for break it down into its components (Galactose, Glucose).
๐ต As one ages, the lactase production in the body reduces significantly for most people.
๐ต This makes it difficult to digest Lactose properly.
๐ต Undigested Lactose reaches the large intestine where it is fermented by gut bacteria, leading to gas production & drawing water into the intestine.
๐ฅ Symptoms:
- Bloating
- Diarrhoea
- Gas
- Cramps
after consuming dairy high in Lactose
๐ฉ Solution:
โ Go for Lactose free milk
โ Supplement with Lactase
โ Some people may tolerate Yogurt & Hard cheeses better, as they generally contain less Lactose.
โถ๏ธ Casein Sensitivity
๐ต Casein is a protein found in milk.
๐ต They are 2 types of Casein protein- A1, A2
๐ต Unlike Lactose intolerance, casein sensitivity is not a digestive issue, it is an immune reaction to the Protein.
๐ต Some people report fewer symptoms with A2 Milk than regular Milk, though this does not work for everyone.
๐ฅ Symptoms:
- Skin reactions
- Digestive issues
- Joint Pain
- Headaches
Symptoms can be varied.
๐ฉ Solution:
โ Go for alternatives like Almond milk, Coconut milk
โ Switch from A1 to A2 milk (may not work for everyone)
๐ต A simple way to differentiate the two
- With Lactose Intolerance, you will mainly have problems with high-Lactose dairy products, while Lactose-free dairy is usually well tolerated.
- With Casein Sensitivity, symptoms may occur even with Lactose-free dairy, since the problem is with the Milk protein, not the Milk sugar.
Do you need to consume Complete Protein in every meal or is it enough to consume it over the day?
๐ต A common belief is that every meal must contain a complete protein, otherwise your body wonโt have all the Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) needed to build muscle.
But is that actually true?
๐ Study (2024 Randomized Crossover Trial PMID: 39396760)
In this trial Healthy middle-aged women completed 3 different diets
- Meals containing complete animal protein
- Meals containing complementary plant proteins that provided all Essential Amino Acids.
- Meals that were individually lower in protein quality, but together provided adequate Essential Amino Acids over the course of the day.
Researchers measured:
- Muscle Protein Synthesis (MPS) after meals.
- Total 24-hour Muscle Protein Synthesis.
Hereโs what they found:
โ There was no significant difference in 24-hour Muscle Protein Synthesis between the three higher protein diets.
โ As long as total daily protein & Essential Amino Acid intake were adequate, muscle protein synthesis over 24 hours was maintained.
โ The only diet that resulted in lower muscle protein synthesis was the low-protein diet.
This suggests that meeting your total daily protein and Essential Amino Acid requirements is more important than ensuring every meal contains a complete protein.
But why have older studies emphasized complete proteins?
๐ต Most older protein studies measure Muscle Protein Synthesis (MPS) for only 2โ6 hours after a meal.
๐ต Those studies are excellent for understanding how different proteins stimulate MPS immediately after eating.
๐ต But Muscle growth doesnโt depend on MPS alone.
It depends on
Net Muscle Balance = Muscle Protein Synthesis โ Muscle Protein Breakdown
๐ต But Muscle Protein Breakdown (MPB) is much harder to measure accurately in humans.
Because of this, a higher short term MPS doesnโt always translate into greater muscle gain over weeks or months.
What do expert guidelines say?
The FAO Expert Consultation (2013) & broader scientific consensus reviewed evidence on protein quality & complementary proteins.
๐ต Their overall conclusion was that healthy adults eating enough total protein do not need to combine complementary proteins within the same meal.
๐ต Eating a variety of protein containing foods throughout the day is generally sufficient to meet Essential Amino Acid requirements.
Practical takeaway
๐ต If your goal is maintaining overall health & meeting your daily protein needs
โ You do not need a complete protein in every meal.
โ A varied diet that provides enough total protein & all Essential Amino Acids throughout the day is generally sufficient.
๐ต If your goal is maximizing muscle growth
โ Including a high quality protein source at each meal is still a practical strategy because it reliably provides enough Essential Amino Acids (& leucine) to maximize the anabolic response to that meal.
Insulin Resistance is NOT just about Blood sugar!
๐ต Most people think Insulin has one function, to move glucose from the bloodstream into cells.
But it does way more.
๐ตIt influences how your body stores & utilizes carbohydrates, proteins & even electrolytes.
๐ต So when your cells become insulin resistant, the consequences go beyond Blood sugar.
๐ต Besides Glucose, Insulin also stimulates the cellular uptake & utilization of several nutrients, particularly in skeletal muscle.
These include:
โ Potassium
โ Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)
- Leucine
- Isoleucine
- Valine
โ Essential amino acids
- Lysine
- Histidine
- Methionine
โ Other amino acids
- Arginine
- Glutamine
- Proline
๐ต So to get these nutrients into muscle for storage, repair & growth, you need insulin to work well.
๐ Study 1 (PMID: 7860765)
Researchers infused Insulin directly into the legs of healthy volunteers while tracking amino acid metabolism using stable isotope tracers.
- Muscle protein synthesis increased by approximately 69%.
- Leucine uptake increased by 22%
- Lysine uptake increased by 75%
- Alanine uptake increased by 48%
โ ๏ธ It didnโt have much of an effect on reducing protein breakdown.
๐ Study 2 (PMID: 8432860)
Another study looked at what skeletal muscle does with amino acids before & after insulin exposure.
It found that Insulin literally switched skeletal muscle from a tissue losing amino acids to one actively taking them up for repair & growth.
๐ Study 3 (PMID: 6364842)
Insulin rapidly activates the sodium-potassium (Naโบ/Kโบ) pump, helping move potassium into cells.
This effect occurs within minutes.
(physicians still use intravenous insulin (along with glucose) to rapidly lower dangerously elevated blood potassium levels)
What happens during insulin resistance?
When skeletal muscle becomes insulin resistant, several of insulinโs actions become impaired.
โ Reduced glucose uptake
โ Reduced stimulation of amino acid transport
โ Reduced muscle protein synthesis
โ Less efficient intracellular potassium uptake
โ Impaired glycogen storage
โ Reduced delivery of nutrients into muscle
How much of the function is impaired depends on the tissue & the degree of insulin resistance.
Thatโs why improving insulin sensitivity is important to health in so many ways.
Choline deficiency might also be the reason for your Fatty liver!
๐ต Choline is an essential nutrient (negligible amounts made by the body) your liver needs to package & export fat.
๐ต Without enough choline your liver canโt make enough phosphatidylcholine (PC), which is a structural component of VLDL.
๐ต When PC is deficient, the liver still tries to export fat, but the resulting VLDL particles are immature & overloaded with fat.
๐ต As a result, both circulating triglycerides & VLDL levels increase, even as fat keeps accumulating within the liver.
This eventually drives to a Fatty liver.
๐ต This effect is more pronounced when you already have a Fatty liver.
๐ต Multiple studies have shown improvement in Fatty liver by supplementing Choline in deficient Individuals.
Here are the two strongest studies in the exact format youโre looking for.
๐ Study 1 (PMID: 11531217)
15 patients receiving long term parenteral nutrition with choline deficiency were randomized to receive 2 g/day of choline chloride or placebo for 24 weeks.
Results:
- Significant reduction in liver fat on CT by 4 weeks, which continued through 24 weeks.
- ALT decreased significantly between weeks 6โ24.
- AST was significantly reduced by week 24.
- Liver fat began to recur 10 weeks after choline supplementation was discontinued
๐ Study 2 (PMID: 2010061)
Healthy adults were placed on either a choline deficient or choline containing diet for 3 weeks in a controlled feeding study.
Results:
- Participants developed early signs of liver dysfunction within 3 weeks.
- Liver function improved after choline was reintroduced.
Adequate intake for Choline is around
- Men: 550 mg/day
- Women: 425 mg/day
- Pregnancy: 450 mg/day
- Lactation: 550 mg/day
Best dietary sources of Choline include:
โ Beef/Mutton Liver - 430 mg
โ Sunflower lecithin - 200โ300 mg (per tbsp)
โ Eggs - 250โ300 mg (2 yolks)
โ Chicken liver - 290 mg
โ Soybeans/Edamame - 100 mg
โ Salmon - 75โ100 mg
โ Chicken (breast/thigh) - 70โ85 mg
โ Wheat germ - 120 mg
โ Peanuts - 50โ60 mg
โ Milk/Cheese/Yogurt - 35โ45 mg (per cup)
โ Broccoli/Cauliflower - 40 mg
๐ If you are a Vegetarian, Choline is absolutely worth supplementing. Sunflower lecithin is a great option.