Kiran Tammareddy

Apostles' Nicene Chalcedon Athanasian Creeds.
Canons of Dort, Belgic Confession, Heidelberg Catechism. Westminster Standards. 1689 LBCF. N.KJV_LSB_ESV.

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

Reformed Systematic Theology by Joel Beeke and Paul Smalley 4 Volumes

[Jeffrey Perry® @JeffreyPerry09]

The law is a good servant but a terrible master.

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

Turn to Me and be saved, all the ends of the earth; For I am God, and there is no other. I have sworn by Myself, The word has gone forth from My mouth in righteousness And will not turn back, That to Me every knee will bow, every tongue will swear allegiance. They will say of Me, ‘Only in Yahweh are righteousness and strength.’ Men will come to Him, And all who were angry at Him will be put to shame. In Yahweh all the seed of Israel Will be justified and will boast.”

Isaiah 45:22-25 (LSB)

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

Therefore, God also highly exalted Him, and bestowed on Him the name which is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus EVERY KNEE WILL BOW, of those who are in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and that EVERY TONGUE WILL CONFESS that Jesus Christ is LORD, to the glory of God the Father.
Philippians 2:9-11 (LSB)

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Listening to Kim Riddlebarger's A Case for Amillennialism - Understanding the End Times

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A Tabular Comparison of the 1646 WCF and the 1689 LBCF
(Dr @proginosko (James Anderson's) website)
(PDF & HTML versions)
https://t.co/nIw7ArM1n5

https://t.co/0BwfCwPuzq

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

https://t.co/9GyPGg4G2k
@james_d_baird
Just now bought 'King of Kings' book to understand the perspective of Reformed on the politics and government

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

Credit to Tony Reinke (Desiring God)

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

“… no creature is hidden from his sight …” (Heb 4:13)

Hoornbeeck, Inst v1 (1658):

“The intellect of God is immutable: he does not know one thing more than another, nor does he know something now before he knows it then. Acts 15:18. All his works are known to God from all eternity. The intellect of God is eternal: it neither begins nor ends. The intellect of God is infinite because it perceives all truths and reasons of all things, Job 11:8–9. The wisdom of God is higher than the heavens, longer than the earth, broader than the sea. See Psalm 139:6.

Moreover, he knows with a simple, one, immutable, infinite, and eternal act; that is, all things always, simultaneously, once for all, and necessarily, Acts 15:18; Hebrews 4:13. So that he neither ignores, learns, progresses, errs, imagines, forgets, recalls, nor even foreknows by inquiry in the proper human sense. Psalm 90:4; 2 Peter 3:8; Isaiah 40:14. Although it is true that he foreknows future things, remembers past things, and knows present things, he does not understand or see them successively, one after another, or one from the other. Hence, not only wisdom and understanding are attributed to him, Romans 11:33, and he is called wise; but in him, and his being wisdom, he alone is wise. 1 Timothy 1:6. He is omniscient, καρδιογνώστης (knower of hearts), knowing the minds, and he is called the source and origin of all wisdom, Psalm 147:4; Daniel 2:20-22; Proverbs 2:6; Acts 15:8.

God knows all things by his own essence, not through abstracted species from things.

Reason:

1. Because the knowledge of God is eternal, but abstract species of created things are not eternal, since created things themselves are not eternal.

2. Because God’s knowledge would have a cause outside himself, which is impossible, since he is the cause of all things and has ordered things from eternity before they existed.

3. Because God is pure act, therefore he is not in potentiality to receive species externally.

4. Because God knows himself most perfectly. Therefore, he also knows all things subject to his power in himself.”

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

The Chalcedonian Definition

Following the saintly fathers, we all with one voice teach the confession of one and the same Son, our Lord Jesus Christ: the same perfect in divinity and perfect in humanity, the same truly God and truly man, of a rational soul and a body; consubstantial with the Father as regards his divinity, and the same consubstantial with us as regards his humanity; like us in all respects except for sin; begotten before the ages from the Father as regards his divinity, and in the last days the same for us and for our salvation from Mary, the virgin God-bearer, as regards his humanity; one and the same Christ, Son, Lord, only-begotten, acknowledged in two natures which undergo no confusion, no change, no division, no separation; at no point was the difference between the natures taken away through the union, but rather the property of both natures is preserved and comes together into a single person and a single subsistent being; he is not parted or divided into two persons, but is one and the same only-begotten Son, God, Word, Lord Jesus Christ, just as the prophets taught from the beginning about him, and as the Lord Jesus Christ himself instructed us, and as the creed of the fathers handed it down to us.

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

The Athanasian Creed

[1] Whoever desires to be saved should above all hold to the catholic1 faith. [2] Anyone who does not keep it whole and unbroken will doubtless perish eternally.

[3] Now this is the catholic faith: that we worship one God in Trinity and the Trinity in unity, [4] neither confounding their persons nor dividing the essence. [5] For the person of the Father is a distinct person, the person of the Son is another, and that of the Holy Spirit still another. [6] But the divinity of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit is one, the glory equal, the majesty coeternal. [7] Such as the Father is, such is the Son and such is the Holy Spirit. [8] The Father is uncreated, the Son is uncreated, the Holy Spirit is uncreated. [9] The Father is immeasurable, the Son is immeasurable, the Holy Spirit is immeasurable. [10] The Father is eternal, the Son is eternal, the Holy Spirit is eternal. [11] And yet there are not three eternal beings; there is but one eternal being. [12] So too there are not three uncreated or immeasurable beings; there is but one uncreated and immeasurable being. [13] Similarly, the Father is almighty, the Son is almighty, the Holy Spirit is almighty. [14] Yet there are not three almighty beings; there is but one almighty being. [15] Thus, the Father is God, the Son is God, the Holy Spirit is God. [16] Yet there are not three gods; there is but one God. [17] Thus, the Father is Lord, the Son is Lord, the Holy Spirit is Lord. [18] Yet there are not three lords; there is but one Lord. [19] Just as Christian truth compels us to confess each person individually as both God and Lord, [20] so catholic religion forbids us to say that there are three gods or lords. [21] The Father was neither made nor created nor begotten from anyone. [22] The Son was neither made nor created; he was begotten from the Father alone. [23] The Holy Spirit was neither made nor created nor begotten; he proceeds from the Father and the Son. [24] Accordingly, there is one Father, not three fathers; there is one Son, not three sons; there is one Holy Spirit, not three holy spirits. [25] None in this Trinity is before or after, none is greater or smaller; [26] in their entirety the three persons are coeternal and coequal with each other. [27] So in everything, as was said earlier, the unity in Trinity, and the Trinity in unity, is to be worshiped. [28] Anyone then who desires to be saved should think thus about the Trinity.

[29] But it is necessary for eternal salvation that one also believe in the incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ faithfully. [30] Now this is the true faith: that we believe and confess that our Lord Jesus Christ, God’s Son, is both God and man, equally. [31] He is God from the essence of the Father, begotten before time; and he is man from the essence of his mother, born in time; [32] completely God, completely man, with a rational soul and human flesh; [33] equal to the Father as regards divinity, less than the Father as regards humanity. [34] Although he is God and man, yet Christ is not two, but one. [35] He is one, however, not by his divinity being turned into flesh, but by God’s taking humanity to himself. [36] He is one, certainly not by the blending of his essence, but by the unity of his person. [37] For just as one man is both rational soul and flesh, so too the one Christ is both God and man. [38] He suffered for our salvation; he descended to hell; he arose from the dead on the third day; [39] he ascended to heaven; he is seated at the Father’s right hand; [40] from there he will come to judge the living and the dead. [41] At his coming all people will arise bodily [42] and give an accounting of their own deeds. [43] Those who have done good will enter eternal life, and those who have done evil will enter eternal fire.

[44] This is the catholic faith: that one cannot be saved without believing it firmly and faithfully.

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

The Nicene Creed

I believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible.

And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, begotten of the Father before all worlds; God of God, Light of Light, very God of very God; begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father, by whom all things were made.
Who, for us men and for our salvation, came down from heaven and was incarnate by the Holy Spirit of the Virgin Mary, and was made man; and was crucified also for us under Pontius Pilate; he suffered and was buried; and the third day he rose again, according to the Scriptures; and ascended into heaven, and sits on the right hand of the Father; and he shall come again, with glory, to judge the living and the dead; whose kingdom shall have no end.

And I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and Giver of life; who proceeds from the Father and the Son; who with the Father and the Son together is worshiped and glorified; who spoke by the prophets.

And I believe in one holy catholic.1 and apostolic church. I acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins; and I look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen.

1 “Catholic” means universal; that is, there is one church across all times, places, and peoples.

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

The Apostles’ Creed

I believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth.

I believe in Jesus Christ, his only-begotten Son, our Lord; who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary; suffered under Pontius Pilate; was crucified, dead, and buried; he descended into hell; the third day he rose again from the dead; he ascended into heaven, and sits at the right hand of God the Father Almighty; from there he shall come to judge the living and the dead.

I believe in the Holy Spirit; the holy catholic1 church; the communion of saints; the forgiveness of sins; the resurrection of the body; and the life everlasting. Amen.

1 “Catholic” means universal; that is, there is one church across all times, places, and peoples

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

196. What doth the conclusion of the Lord’s Prayer teach us?
The conclusion of the Lord’s Prayer (which is, For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amena), teacheth us to enforce our petitions with arguments,b which are to be taken, not from any worthiness in ourselves, or in any other creature, but from God;c and with our prayers to join praises,d ascribing to God alone eternal sovereignty, omnipotency, and glorious excellency;e in regard whereof, as he is able and willing to help us,f so we by faith are emboldened to plead with him that he would,g and quietly to rely upon him, that he will fulfill our requests.h And, to testify this our desire and assurance, we say, Amen.i
a Matt. 6:13 b Rom. 15:30 c Dan. 9:4, 7–9, 16–19 d Phil. 4:6 e 1 Chron. 29:10–13; 1 Tim. 1:17; Rev. 5:11–13 f Eph. 3:20–21; Luke 11:13 g 2 Chron. 20:6, 11 h 2 Chron. 14:11 i 1 Cor. 14:16; Rev. 22:20–21

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

194. What do we pray for in the fifth petition?
In the fifth petition (which is, Forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtorsa), acknowledging, that we and all others are guilty both of original and actual sin, and thereby become debtors to the justice of God; and that neither we, nor any other creature, can make the least satisfaction for that debt:b we pray for ourselves and others, that God of his free grace would, through the obedience and satisfaction of Christ, apprehended and applied by faith, acquit us both from the guilt and punishment of sin,c accept us in his Beloved;d continue his favor and grace to us,e pardon our daily failings,f and fill us with peace and joy, in giving us daily more and more assurance of forgiveness;g which we are the rather emboldened to ask, and encouraged to expect, when we have this testimony in ourselves, that we from the heart forgive others their offenses.h
a Matt. 6:12; Luke 11:4 b Rom. 3:9–22; Matt. 18:24–25; Ps. 130:3–4 c Rom. 3:24–26; Heb. 9:22 d Eph. 1:6–7 e 2 Pet. 1:2 f Hos. 14:2; Jer. 14:7; 1 John 1:9; Dan. 9:17–19 g Rom. 15:13; Ps. 51:7–10, 12 h Luke 11:4; Matt. 6:14–15; Eph. 4:32; Col. 3:13; Matt. 18:21–35

195. What do we pray for in the sixth petition?
In the sixth petition (which is, And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil.a), acknowledging, that the most wise, righteous, and gracious God, for divers holy and just ends, may so order things, that we may be assaulted, foiled, and for a time led captive by temptations;b that Satan,c the world,d and the flesh, are ready powerfully to draw us aside, and ensnare us;e and that we, even after the pardon of our sins, by reason of our corruption,f weakness, and want of watchfulness,g are not only subject to be tempted, and forward to expose ourselves unto temptations,h but also of ourselves unable and unwilling to resist them, to recover out of them, and to improve them;i and worthy to be left under the power of them:j we pray, that God would so overrule the world and all in it,k subdue the flesh,l and restrain Satan,m order all things,n bestow and bless all means of grace,o and quicken us to watchfulness in the use of them, that we and all his people may by his providence be kept from being tempted to sin;p or, if tempted, that by his Spirit we may be powerfully supported and enabled to stand in the hour of temptation;q or when fallen, raised again and recovered out of it,r and have a sanctified use and improvement thereof:s that our sanctification and salvation may be perfected,t Satan trodden under our feet,u and we fully freed from sin, temptation, and all evil, forever.v
a Matt. 6:13; Luke 11:4 b 2 Chron. 32:31 c 1 Chron. 21:1 d Luke 21:34; Mark 4:19 e James 1:14 f Gal. 5:17 g Matt. 26:41 h Matt. 26:69–72; Gal. 2:11–14; 2 Chron. 18:3; 2 Chron. 19:2 i Rom. 7:23–24; 1 Chron. 21:1–4; 2 Chron. 16:7–10 j Ps. 81:11–12 k John 17:15 l Ps. 51:10; Ps. 119:133 m 2 Cor. 12:7–8 n 1 Cor. 10:12–13 o Heb. 13:20–21 p Matt. 26:41; Ps. 19:13 q Eph. 3:14–17; 1 Thess. 3:13; Jude 24 r Ps. 51:12 s 1 Pet. 5:8–10 t 2 Cor. 13:7, 9 u Rom. 16:20; Luke 22:31–32 v John 17:15; 1 Thess. 5:23

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

194. What do we pray for in the fifth petition?
In the fifth petition (which is, Forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtorsa), acknowledging, that we and all others are guilty both of original and actual sin, and thereby become debtors to the justice of God; and that neither we, nor any other creature, can make the least satisfaction for that debt:b we pray for ourselves and others, that God of his free grace would, through the obedience and satisfaction of Christ, apprehended and applied by faith, acquit us both from the guilt and punishment of sin,c accept us in his Beloved;d continue his favor and grace to us,e pardon our daily failings,f and fill us with peace and joy, in giving us daily more and more assurance of forgiveness;g which we are the rather emboldened to ask, and encouraged to expect, when we have this testimony in ourselves, that we from the heart forgive others their offenses.h
a Matt. 6:12; Luke 11:4 b Rom. 3:9–22; Matt. 18:24–25; Ps. 130:3–4 c Rom. 3:24–26; Heb. 9:22 d Eph. 1:6–7 e 2 Pet. 1:2 f Hos. 14:2; Jer. 14:7; 1 John 1:9; Dan. 9:17–19 g Rom. 15:13; Ps. 51:7–10, 12 h Luke 11:4; Matt. 6:14–15; Eph. 4:32; Col. 3:13; Matt. 18:21–35

195. What do we pray for in the sixth petition?
In the sixth petition (which is, And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil.a), acknowledging, that the most wise, righteous, and gracious God, for divers holy and just ends, may so order things, that we may be assaulted, foiled, and for a time led captive by temptations;b that Satan,c the world,d and the flesh, are ready powerfully to draw us aside, and ensnare us;e and that we, even after the pardon of our sins, by reason of our corruption,f weakness, and want of watchfulness,g are not only subject to be tempted, and forward to expose ourselves unto temptations,h but also of ourselves unable and unwilling to resist them, to recover out of them, and to improve them;i and worthy to be left under the power of them:j we pray, that God would so overrule the world and all in it,k subdue the flesh,l and restrain Satan,m order all things,n bestow and bless all means of grace,o and quicken us to watchfulness in the use of them, that we and all his people may by his providence be kept from being tempted to sin;p or, if tempted, that by his Spirit we may be powerfully supported and enabled to stand in the hour of temptation;q or when fallen, raised again and recovered out of it,r and have a sanctified use and improvement thereof:s that our sanctification and salvation may be perfected,t Satan trodden under our feet,u and we fully freed from sin, temptation, and all evil, forever.v
a Matt. 6:13; Luke 11:4 b 2 Chron. 32:31 c 1 Chron. 21:1 d Luke 21:34; Mark 4:19 e James 1:14 f Gal. 5:17 g Matt. 26:41 h Matt. 26:69–72; Gal. 2:11–14; 2 Chron. 18:3; 2 Chron. 19:2 i Rom. 7:23–24; 1 Chron. 21:1–4; 2 Chron. 16:7–10 j Ps. 81:11–12 k John 17:15 l Ps. 51:10; Ps. 119:133 m 2 Cor. 12:7–8 n 1 Cor. 10:12–13 o Heb. 13:20–21 p Matt. 26:41; Ps. 19:13 q Eph. 3:14–17; 1 Thess. 3:13; Jude 24 r Ps. 51:12 s 1 Pet. 5:8–10 t 2 Cor. 13:7, 9 u Rom. 16:20; Luke 22:31–32 v John 17:15; 1 Thess. 5:23

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

192. What do we pray for in the third petition?
In the third petition (which is, Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heavena), acknowledging, that by nature we and all men are not only utterly unable and unwilling to know and do the will of God,b but prone to rebel against his Word,c to repine and murmur against his providence,d and wholly inclined to do the will of the flesh, and of the devil:e we pray, that God would by his Spirit take away from ourselves and others all blindness,f weakness,g indisposedness,h and perverseness of heart;i and by his grace make us able and willing to know, do, and submit to his will in all things,j with the like humility,k cheerfulness,l faithfulness,m diligence,n zeal,o sincerity,p and constancy,q as the angels do in heaven.r
a Matt. 6:10; Luke 11:2 b Rom. 7:18; Job 21:14; 1 Cor. 2:14 c Rom. 8:7 d Ex. 17:7; Num. 14:2 e Eph. 2:2 f Eph. 1:17–18 g Eph. 3:16 h Matt. 26:40–41 i Jer. 31:18–19 j Ps. 19:14; Acts 21:14; Ps. 119:1–76; 1 Thess. 5:23; Heb. 13:20–21 k Mic. 6:8 l Ps. 100:2; Job 1:21; 2 Sam. 15:25–26 m Isa. 38:3 n Ps. 119:4–5 o Ps. 69:9; John 2:17; Rom. 12:11 p Josh. 24:14; Ps. 119:80; 1 Cor. 5:8; 2 Cor. 1:12 q Ps. 119:112 r Isa. 6:2–3; Ps. 103:20–21; Matt. 18:10

193. What do we pray for in the fourth petition?
In the fourth petition (which is, Give us this day our daily bread.a), acknowledging, that in Adam, and by our own sin, we have forfeited our right to all the outward blessings of this life, and deserve to be wholly deprived of them by God, and to have them cursed to us in the use of them;b and that neither they of themselves are able to sustain us,c nor we to merit,d or by our own industry to procure them;e but prone to desire,f get,g and use them unlawfully:h we pray for ourselves and others, that both they and we, waiting upon the providence of God from day to day in the use of lawful means, may, of his free gift, and as to his fatherly wisdom shall seem best, enjoy a competent portion of them;i and have the same continued and blessed unto us in our holy and comfortable use of them,j and contentment in them;k and be kept from all things that are contrary to our temporal support and comfort.l
a Matt. 6:11; Luke 11:3 b Gen. 2:17; Gen. 3:17; Rom. 8:20–22; Jer. 5:25; Deut. 28:15–68 c Deut. 8:3 d Gen. 32:10 e Deut. 8:17–18 f Jer. 6:13; Mark 7:21–22 g Hos. 12:7 h James 4:3 i Gen. 43:12–14; Gen. 28:20; Eph. 4:28; 2 Thess. 3:11–12; Phil. 4:6 j 1 Tim. 4:3–5 k 1 Tim. 6:6–8 l Prov. 30:8–9

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

192. What do we pray for in the third petition?
In the third petition (which is, Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heavena), acknowledging, that by nature we and all men are not only utterly unable and unwilling to know and do the will of God,b but prone to rebel against his Word,c to repine and murmur against his providence,d and wholly inclined to do the will of the flesh, and of the devil:e we pray, that God would by his Spirit take away from ourselves and others all blindness,f weakness,g indisposedness,h and perverseness of heart;i and by his grace make us able and willing to know, do, and submit to his will in all things,j with the like humility,k cheerfulness,l faithfulness,m diligence,n zeal,o sincerity,p and constancy,q as the angels do in heaven.r
a Matt. 6:10; Luke 11:2 b Rom. 7:18; Job 21:14; 1 Cor. 2:14 c Rom. 8:7 d Ex. 17:7; Num. 14:2 e Eph. 2:2 f Eph. 1:17–18 g Eph. 3:16 h Matt. 26:40–41 i Jer. 31:18–19 j Ps. 19:14; Acts 21:14; Ps. 119:1–76; 1 Thess. 5:23; Heb. 13:20–21 k Mic. 6:8 l Ps. 100:2; Job 1:21; 2 Sam. 15:25–26 m Isa. 38:3 n Ps. 119:4–5 o Ps. 69:9; John 2:17; Rom. 12:11 p Josh. 24:14; Ps. 119:80; 1 Cor. 5:8; 2 Cor. 1:12 q Ps. 119:112 r Isa. 6:2–3; Ps. 103:20–21; Matt. 18:10

193. What do we pray for in the fourth petition?
In the fourth petition (which is, Give us this day our daily bread.a), acknowledging, that in Adam, and by our own sin, we have forfeited our right to all the outward blessings of this life, and deserve to be wholly deprived of them by God, and to have them cursed to us in the use of them;b and that neither they of themselves are able to sustain us,c nor we to merit,d or by our own industry to procure them;e but prone to desire,f get,g and use them unlawfully:h we pray for ourselves and others, that both they and we, waiting upon the providence of God from day to day in the use of lawful means, may, of his free gift, and as to his fatherly wisdom shall seem best, enjoy a competent portion of them;i and have the same continued and blessed unto us in our holy and comfortable use of them,j and contentment in them;k and be kept from all things that are contrary to our temporal support and comfort.l
a Matt. 6:11; Luke 11:3 b Gen. 2:17; Gen. 3:17; Rom. 8:20–22; Jer. 5:25; Deut. 28:15–68 c Deut. 8:3 d Gen. 32:10 e Deut. 8:17–18 f Jer. 6:13; Mark 7:21–22 g Hos. 12:7 h James 4:3 i Gen. 43:12–14; Gen. 28:20; Eph. 4:28; 2 Thess. 3:11–12; Phil. 4:6 j 1 Tim. 4:3–5 k 1 Tim. 6:6–8 l Prov. 30:8–9

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

190. What do we pray for in the first petition?
In the first petition (which is, Hallowed be thy name.a), acknowledging the utter inability and indisposition that is in ourselves and all men to honor God aright,b we pray, that God would by his grace enable and incline us and others to know, to acknowledge, and highly to esteem him,c his titles,d attributes,e ordinances, Word,f works, and whatsoever he is pleased to make himself known by;g and to glorify him in thought, word,h and deed:i that he would prevent and remove atheism,j ignorance,k idolatry,l profaneness,m and whatsoever is dishonorable to him;n and, by his overruling providence, direct and dispose of all things to his own glory.o
a Matt. 6:9; Luke 11:2 b 2 Cor. 3:5; Ps. 51:15 c Ps. 67:2–3; Ps. 99:1–3 d Ps. 83:18 e Ps. 86:10–13, 15 f 2 Thess. 3:1; Ps. 147:19–20; Ps. 138:1–3; 2 Cor. 2:14–15 g Ps. 145:1–21; Ps. 8:1–9 h Ps. 103:1; Ps. 19:14 i Phil. 1:9, 11; Ps. 100:3–4 j Ps. 67:1–4 k Eph. 1:17–18 l Ps. 97:7 m Ps. 74:18, 22–23 n 2 Kings 19:15–16 o 2 Chron. 20:6, 10–12; Rom. 11:33–36; Rev. 4:11; Ps. 83:1–18; Ps. 140:4, 8

191. What do we pray for in the second petition?
In the second petition (which is, Thy kingdom comea), acknowledging ourselves and all mankind to be by nature under the dominion of sin and Satan,b we pray, that the kingdom of sin and Satan may be destroyed,c the gospel propagated throughout the world,d the Jews called,e the fullness of the Gentiles brought in;f the church furnished with all gospel officers and ordinances,g purged from corruption,h countenanced and maintained by the civil magistrate:i that the ordinances of Christ may be purely dispensed, and made effectual to the converting of those that are yet in their sins, and the confirming, comforting, and building up of those that are already converted:j that Christ would rule in our hearts here,k and hasten the time of his second coming, and our reigning with him forever:l and that he would be pleased so to exercise the kingdom of his power in all the world, as may best conduce to these ends.m
a Matt. 6:10; Luke 11:2 b Eph. 2:2–3 c Ps. 68:1, 18; Rev. 12:10–11 d Ps. 67:1–2; 2 Thess. 3:1 e Rom. 10:1 f John 17:9, 20; Rom. 11:25–26; Ps. 67:1–7 g Matt. 9:38; 2 Thess. 3:1 h Mal. 1:11; Zeph. 3:9 i 1 Tim. 2:1–2; Isa. 49:23 j Acts 4:29–30; Eph. 6:18–20; Rom. 15:29–30, 32; 2 Thess. 1:11; 2 Thess. 2:16–17 k Eph. 3:14–20; Col. 3:15 l Rev. 22:20; 2 Tim. 2:12; 2 Pet. 3:12 m Isa. 64:1–2; Rev. 4:8–11

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

190. What do we pray for in the first petition?
In the first petition (which is, Hallowed be thy name.a), acknowledging the utter inability and indisposition that is in ourselves and all men to honor God aright,b we pray, that God would by his grace enable and incline us and others to know, to acknowledge, and highly to esteem him,c his titles,d attributes,e ordinances, Word,f works, and whatsoever he is pleased to make himself known by;g and to glorify him in thought, word,h and deed:i that he would prevent and remove atheism,j ignorance,k idolatry,l profaneness,m and whatsoever is dishonorable to him;n and, by his overruling providence, direct and dispose of all things to his own glory.o
a Matt. 6:9; Luke 11:2 b 2 Cor. 3:5; Ps. 51:15 c Ps. 67:2–3; Ps. 99:1–3 d Ps. 83:18 e Ps. 86:10–13, 15 f 2 Thess. 3:1; Ps. 147:19–20; Ps. 138:1–3; 2 Cor. 2:14–15 g Ps. 145:1–21; Ps. 8:1–9 h Ps. 103:1; Ps. 19:14 i Phil. 1:9, 11; Ps. 100:3–4 j Ps. 67:1–4 k Eph. 1:17–18 l Ps. 97:7 m Ps. 74:18, 22–23 n 2 Kings 19:15–16 o 2 Chron. 20:6, 10–12; Rom. 11:33–36; Rev. 4:11; Ps. 83:1–18; Ps. 140:4, 8

191. What do we pray for in the second petition?
In the second petition (which is, Thy kingdom comea), acknowledging ourselves and all mankind to be by nature under the dominion of sin and Satan,b we pray, that the kingdom of sin and Satan may be destroyed,c the gospel propagated throughout the world,d the Jews called,e the fullness of the Gentiles brought in;f the church furnished with all gospel officers and ordinances,g purged from corruption,h countenanced and maintained by the civil magistrate:i that the ordinances of Christ may be purely dispensed, and made effectual to the converting of those that are yet in their sins, and the confirming, comforting, and building up of those that are already converted:j that Christ would rule in our hearts here,k and hasten the time of his second coming, and our reigning with him forever:l and that he would be pleased so to exercise the kingdom of his power in all the world, as may best conduce to these ends.m
a Matt. 6:10; Luke 11:2 b Eph. 2:2–3 c Ps. 68:1, 18; Rev. 12:10–11 d Ps. 67:1–2; 2 Thess. 3:1 e Rom. 10:1 f John 17:9, 20; Rom. 11:25–26; Ps. 67:1–7 g Matt. 9:38; 2 Thess. 3:1 h Mal. 1:11; Zeph. 3:9 i 1 Tim. 2:1–2; Isa. 49:23 j Acts 4:29–30; Eph. 6:18–20; Rom. 15:29–30, 32; 2 Thess. 1:11; 2 Thess. 2:16–17 k Eph. 3:14–20; Col. 3:15 l Rev. 22:20; 2 Tim. 2:12; 2 Pet. 3:12 m Isa. 64:1–2; Rev. 4:8–11

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

187. How is the Lord’s Prayer to be used?
The Lord’s Prayer is not only for direction, as a pattern, according to which we are to make other prayers; but may also be used as a prayer, so that it be done with understanding, faith, reverence, and other graces necessary to the right performance of the duty of prayer.a
a Matt. 6:9; Luke 11:2

188. Of how many parts doth the Lord’s Prayer consist?
The Lord’s Prayer consists of three parts; a preface, petitions, and a conclusion.

189. What doth the preface of the Lord’s Prayer teach us?
The preface of the Lord’s Prayer (contained in these words, Our Father which art in heavena) teacheth us, when we pray, to draw near to God with confidence of his fatherly goodness, and our interest therein;b with reverence, and all other childlike dispositions,c heavenly affections,d and due apprehensions of his sovereign power, majesty, and gracious condescension:e as also, to pray with and for others.f
a Matt. 6:9; Luke 11:2 b Ps. 103:13; Luke 11:13; Rom. 8:15 c Isa. 64:9 d Col. 3:1–2; Ps. 123:1; Lam. 3:41 e Isa. 63:15–16; Neh. 1:4–6; Ps. 113:4–6 f Acts 12:5; 1 Tim. 2:1–2; Eph. 6:18

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

187. How is the Lord’s Prayer to be used?
The Lord’s Prayer is not only for direction, as a pattern, according to which we are to make other prayers; but may also be used as a prayer, so that it be done with understanding, faith, reverence, and other graces necessary to the right performance of the duty of prayer.a
a Matt. 6:9; Luke 11:2

188. Of how many parts doth the Lord’s Prayer consist?
The Lord’s Prayer consists of three parts; a preface, petitions, and a conclusion.

189. What doth the preface of the Lord’s Prayer teach us?
The preface of the Lord’s Prayer (contained in these words, Our Father which art in heavena) teacheth us, when we pray, to draw near to God with confidence of his fatherly goodness, and our interest therein;b with reverence, and all other childlike dispositions,c heavenly affections,d and due apprehensions of his sovereign power, majesty, and gracious condescension:e as also, to pray with and for others.f
a Matt. 6:9; Luke 11:2 b Ps. 103:13; Luke 11:13; Rom. 8:15 c Isa. 64:9 d Col. 3:1–2; Ps. 123:1; Lam. 3:41 e Isa. 63:15–16; Neh. 1:4–6; Ps. 113:4–6 f Acts 12:5; 1 Tim. 2:1–2; Eph. 6:18

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

183. For whom are we to pray?
We are to pray for the whole church of Christ upon earth;a for magistrates,b and ministers;c for ourselves,d our brethren,e yea, our enemies;f and for all sorts of men living,g or that shall live hereafter;h but not for the dead,i nor for those that are known to have sinned the sin unto death.j
a Eph. 6:18; Ps. 28:9 b 1 Tim. 2:1–2 c Col. 4:3 d Gen. 32:11 e James 5:16 f Matt. 5:44 g 1 Tim. 2:1–2 h John 17:20; 2 Sam. 7:29 i 2 Sam. 12:21–23 j 1 John 5:16

184. For what things are we to pray?
We are to pray for all things tending to the glory of God,a the welfare of the church,b our ownc or others’ good;d but not for anything that is unlawful.e
a Matt. 6:9 b Ps. 51:18; Ps. 122:6 c Matt. 7:11 d Ps. 125:4 e 1 John 5:14

185. How are we to pray?
We are to pray with an awful apprehension of the majesty of God,a and deep sense of our own unworthiness,b necessities,c and sins;d with penitent,e thankful,f and enlarged hearts;g with understanding,h faith,i sincerity,j fervency,k love,l and perseverance,m waiting upon him,n with humble submission to his will.o
a Ps. 33:8; Ps. 95:6; Ps. 145:5 b Gen. 18:27; Gen. 32:10 c Luke 15:17–19 d Luke 18:13–14 e Ps. 51:17 f Phil. 4:6 g 1 Sam. 1:15; 1 Sam. 2:1 h 1 Cor. 14:15 i Mark 11:24; James 1:6 j Ps. 145:18; Ps. 17:1 k James 5:16 l Ps. 116:1–2; Rom. 15:30 m Eph. 6:18 n Mic. 7:7 o Matt. 26:39

186. What rule hath God given for our direction in the duty of prayer?
The whole Word of God is of use to direct us in the duty of prayer;a but the special rule of direction is that form of prayer which our Savior Christ taught his disciples, commonly called the Lord’s Prayer.b
a 1 John 5:14 b Matt. 6:9–13; Luke 11:2–4

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

183. For whom are we to pray?
We are to pray for the whole church of Christ upon earth;a for magistrates,b and ministers;c for ourselves,d our brethren,e yea, our enemies;f and for all sorts of men living,g or that shall live hereafter;h but not for the dead,i nor for those that are known to have sinned the sin unto death.j
a Eph. 6:18; Ps. 28:9 b 1 Tim. 2:1–2 c Col. 4:3 d Gen. 32:11 e James 5:16 f Matt. 5:44 g 1 Tim. 2:1–2 h John 17:20; 2 Sam. 7:29 i 2 Sam. 12:21–23 j 1 John 5:16

184. For what things are we to pray?
We are to pray for all things tending to the glory of God,a the welfare of the church,b our ownc or others’ good;d but not for anything that is unlawful.e
a Matt. 6:9 b Ps. 51:18; Ps. 122:6 c Matt. 7:11 d Ps. 125:4 e 1 John 5:14

185. How are we to pray?
We are to pray with an awful apprehension of the majesty of God,a and deep sense of our own unworthiness,b necessities,c and sins;d with penitent,e thankful,f and enlarged hearts;g with understanding,h faith,i sincerity,j fervency,k love,l and perseverance,m waiting upon him,n with humble submission to his will.o
a Ps. 33:8; Ps. 95:6; Ps. 145:5 b Gen. 18:27; Gen. 32:10 c Luke 15:17–19 d Luke 18:13–14 e Ps. 51:17 f Phil. 4:6 g 1 Sam. 1:15; 1 Sam. 2:1 h 1 Cor. 14:15 i Mark 11:24; James 1:6 j Ps. 145:18; Ps. 17:1 k James 5:16 l Ps. 116:1–2; Rom. 15:30 m Eph. 6:18 n Mic. 7:7 o Matt. 26:39

186. What rule hath God given for our direction in the duty of prayer?
The whole Word of God is of use to direct us in the duty of prayer;a but the special rule of direction is that form of prayer which our Savior Christ taught his disciples, commonly called the Lord’s Prayer.b
a 1 John 5:14 b Matt. 6:9–13; Luke 11:2–4

[Kiran Tammareddy @NiceneReformed]

178. What is prayer?
Prayer is an offering up of our desires unto God,a in the name of Christ,b by the help of his Spirit;c with confession of our sins,d and thankful acknowledgment of his mercies.e
a Ps. 10:17; Ps. 62:8; Matt. 7:7–8 b John 16:23 c Rom. 8:26 d Ps. 32:5–6; 1 John 1:9; Dan. 9:4–19 e Phil. 4:6; Ps. 103:1–5; Ps. 136:1–26

179. Are we to pray unto God only?
God only being able to search the hearts,a hear the requests,b pardon the sins,c and fulfill the desires of all;d and only to be believed in,e and worshiped with religious worship;f prayer, which is a special part thereof,g is to be made by all to him alone,h and to none other.i
a 1 Kings 8:39; Acts 1:24; Rom. 8:27 b Ps. 65:2 c Mic. 7:18 d Ps. 145:18 e Rom. 10:14 f Matt. 4:10 g 1 Cor. 1:2 h Isa. 45:22; Matt. 6:9; Ps. 50:15 i Isa. 43:11; Isa. 46:1–13

180. What is it to pray in the name of Christ?
To pray in the name of Christ is, in obedience to his command, and in confidence on his promises, to ask mercy for his sake;a not by bare mentioning of his name,b but by drawing our encouragement to pray, and our boldness, strength, and hope of acceptance in prayer, from Christ and his mediation.c
a John 14:13–14; John 16:24; Dan. 9:17 b Matt. 7:21 c Heb. 4:14–16; 1 John 5:13–15

181. Why are we to pray in the name of Christ?
The sinfulness of man, and his distance from God by reason thereof, being so great, as that we can have no access into his presence without a mediator;a and there being none in heaven or earth appointed to, or fit for, that glorious work but Christ alone,b we are to pray in no other name but his only.c
a John 14:6; Isa. 59:2; Eph. 3:12 b John 6:27; Heb. 7:25–27; 1 Tim. 2:5 c Col. 3:17; Heb. 13:15

182. How doth the Spirit help us to pray?
We not knowing what to pray for as we ought, the Spirit helpeth our infirmities, by enabling us to understand both for whom, and what, and how prayer is to be made; and by working and quickening in our hearts (although not in all persons, nor at all times, in the same measure) those apprehensions, affections, and graces which are requisite for the right performance of that duty.a
a Rom. 8:26–27; Ps. 10:17; Zech. 12:10