Niout

🧬👩🏼‍🔬 | 🏋🏼‍♀️⚽️ |🧠💶

[Niout @Niout8]

It’s like an iceberg: what you see is often the consequence, not the cause. Muscle weakness may just be the visible endpoint of years of underlying biological decline.

[Louisa Nicola @louisanicola_]

The most dangerous misconception in longevity medicine is believing sarcopenia is simply “loss of muscle.”

As highlighted in “Treating age-related loss of muscle mass and function: Where should we be focusing?”, it is a progressive breakdown across neural signalling, mitochondrial function, stem cell activity, extracellular matrix integrity, and inflammatory regulation.

Muscle weakness is often the final visible symptom of a system that has been deteriorating for years.

[Niout @Niout8]

@AmitSrivastavaX @alc2022 I rather agree ! I work in analytical sciences on innovative therapies (sgRNA, CRISPR-Cas9, LNPs, AAVs), and these molecules bring major challenges in characterization, GMP reproducibility, safety, and batch release.
Gene therapy doesn’t scale like software used in drug discovery

[Niout @Niout8]

@alc2022 This is where we enter the world of « hit discover👩🏼‍🔬 », and AI could probably help with that.

[Niout @Niout8]

@RobinhoodApp That’s so kind! I’d never say no to a gift 😌🎁

[Niout @Niout8]

Super intéressant à lire, et très facile de compréhension. Je recommande !

[Dr Paddy Barrett @Paddy_Barrett]

A high V02 Max is the metric most closely linked to a longer life.

But what is V02 Max?

And more importantly, how do you increase it?

Because most people are doing it wrong.

📕Make Sure To Bookmark✅

🧵👇

/1

[Niout @Niout8]

@deepwhale Totalement d’accord avec ce point de vue !!

[Bitmund Freud @BitmundFreud]

Something is happening right now that should not be possible.

Here’s a statistic that breaks every historical pattern:

Long-term holders have absorbed 186,000 BTC in six weeks, an absorption wave so large it would normally ignite a supply squeeze, tighten the entire system, and send price aggressively upward — yet instead, the market has slid lower and sentiment is at extreme fear levels.

This should be impossible.

Every previous cycle repeats the same choreography: when deep-conviction, “never-sell” holders accumulate at this scale, supply evaporates, shorts panic, price surges, and fear dissolves almost overnight.

But right now, the script is inverted.

Conviction is rising.
Price is falling.
Fear is spreading.

This isn’t just a market distortion; it’s a philosophical one. A collision of time preferences, identity structures, and the way humans behave when their emotional circuitry is pushed into overload.

Low time preference:
People who think in years, not hours. They accumulate precisely when the crowd is blind, when fear peaks, and when the next candle feels heavy.

High time preference:
People who think in emotional snapshots. They're driven by sentiment, outsource judgment to the herd, and sell themselves out the moment uncertainty squeezes their nerves.

This kind of divergence, massive long-term accumulation against collapsing short-term sentiment, never lasts long. And when it resolves, it rarely resolves gently.

The sovereign accumulate power when everyone else is busy losing their nerve.

[Niout @Niout8]

2026 > 2025 en termes de probabilités MACROÉCONOMIQUE.

[Niout @Niout8]

“cycle de 4 ans » → top Q4 2025.
Bitcoin est devenu un actif macro alors pourquoi ignorer le Benner Cycle, précis depuis 1875, qui projette un top économique majeur en 2026 ?
Si on accepte un changement de régime pour Bitcoin, il faut aussi accepter un changement de modèle.

[The Kobeissi Letter @KobeissiLetter]

Bad news is now "good news" for stocks:

As the US unemployment rate surges to 4.4%, its highest in 4 years, stock market futures are surging.

Why is this happening?

The reality is that the Fed is being forced to cut interest rates into one of the strongest stock markets of all time.

Because, even as the AI Revolution takes off and the Magnificent 7 exceeds $20 TRILLION in market cap, Americans are struggling.

The labor market is weak, affordability is at record lows, and over 60% of Americans believe we are in a recession.

This is exactly why we continue to reiterate: "own assets or be left behind."

As the Fed cuts rates to save Main Street, Wall Street will skyrocket as the Fed adds fuel to a roaring fire.

We have two economies in the US: asset owners and non-asset owners.

The US wealth gap will hit unprecedented levels.

[Niout @Niout8]

I love this kind of post, short but so educational. It reminds me of my study notes from university👩‍💻

[William A. Wallace, Ph.D. @WilliamWallace]

How your body moves electrons from food to energy

This figure explains how the human body acts like an electrical circuit—moving electrons extracted from food all the way to oxygen to generate energy. Every meal you eat feeds an invisible current that powers your cells through a continuous flow of electrons inside the mitochondria.

1️⃣ Food as an electron source
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are broken down into molecules like glucose and fatty acids that release electrons during oxidation. These electrons are captured by carrier molecules such as NAD⁺ and FAD.
🟢 Example: One molecule of glucose donates enough electrons through NADH and FADH₂ to drive the production of about 30 ATP molecules.

2️⃣ Electron delivery to mitochondria
Nutrients are converted into acetyl-CoA, which enters the TCA cycle in mitochondria. Each turn of the cycle generates high-energy electron carriers that feed into the electron transport chain.
🟢 Example: When oxygen is limited, cells divert pyruvate to lactate to keep glycolysis running and prevent a bottleneck in electron flow.

3️⃣ The electron transport chain
Electrons move through a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. As they flow, energy is released to pump protons across the membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient.
🟢 Example: This “proton motive force” is the voltage that powers ATP synthase, the enzyme that produces ATP from ADP and phosphate.

4️⃣ Oxygen as the final electron acceptor
At the end of the chain, oxygen captures electrons and forms water, completing the circuit. Continuous oxygen flow keeps the system balanced and prevents electron buildup.
🟢 Example: When oxygen supply drops, excess electrons can leak, generating reactive oxygen species that damage cells.

5️⃣ ATP as usable energy
The proton gradient drives ATP synthase to generate ATP, the chemical energy currency used for everything from muscle contraction to DNA repair.
🟢 Example: Tissues with high energy demand, such as the brain and heart, contain dense mitochondrial networks to maximize electron throughput.

In essence, metabolism is electricity at the molecular level. Food provides the electrons, mitochondria manage their flow, and oxygen completes the circuit—turning chemical energy into the electrical current that sustains life.

[Niout @Niout8]

@ScholarshipfPhd Hi !

[William A. Wallace, Ph.D. @WilliamWallace]

Master metabolism with 9 steps/arrows

Here’s my shortcut to remembering it in just 9️⃣ arrows:

1️⃣ Glu → Fru → Pyr
(Glucose → Fructose → Pyruvate)
This is glycolysis — the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate for quick energy.
💡 Example: Eat bread, glucose enters your cells, and is converted to pyruvate to start producing ATP.

2️⃣ Pyr → ACoA → TCA
(Pyruvate → Acetyl-CoA → TCA Cycle)
When oxygen’s available, pyruvate becomes Acetyl-CoA and runs through the TCA (Krebs) cycle for sustained energy.
💡 Example: A post-lunch walk taps into this aerobic pathway.

3️⃣ TCA → NADH → ETC → ATP
(TCA products → NADH → Electron Transport Chain → ATP)
The TCA cycle generates NADH, which powers the electron transport chain to make ATP — your cellular energy currency.
💡 Example: Your brain uses that ATP to keep you sharp while studying.

4️⃣ G6P ↔ PPP → NADPH + Ribose
(Glucose-6-Phosphate → Pentose Phosphate Pathway → NADPH + Ribose)
This detour from glucose creates NADPH (for antioxidant defense) and ribose (for DNA/RNA synthesis).
💡 Example: Immune cells use NADPH to neutralize pathogens.

5️⃣ Pyr → Lac
(Pyruvate → Lactate)
In low-oxygen conditions, pyruvate shifts to lactate.

6️⃣ Pyr → OAA → Gluconeogenesis
(Pyruvate → Oxaloacetate → Glucose)
During fasting, pyruvate is turned into oxaloacetate, then glucose, to maintain blood sugar.
💡 Example: After 10+ hours without food, your liver makes glucose for your brain.

7️⃣ ACoA → FAs → TAGs
(Acetyl-CoA → Fatty Acids → Triglycerides)
Excess energy is stored as fat.
💡 Example: Too many sweets? Your body parks the surplus as belly fat.

8️⃣ FAs → β-ox → ACoA → TCA
(Fatty Acids → Beta-Oxidation → Acetyl-CoA → TCA)
When carbs run low, fat becomes your fuel.
💡 Example: After 14 hours of intermittent fasting, fat breakdown kicks in.

9️⃣ AAs → Pyr / ACoA / TCA
(Amino Acids → Pyruvate or Acetyl-CoA or TCA)
Amino acids can feed into different energy pathways, depending on type.
💡 Example: In prolonged starvation, muscle protein is converted into energy intermediates.

[William A. Wallace, Ph.D. @WilliamWallace]

The way your muscles are built determines how your body handles energy; lean muscle uses it, while obese muscle is prone to storing it.

What you’re seeing

This image compares skeletal muscle from lean and obese individuals, revealing how changes in fiber type, mitochondria, and lipid content shift muscle from an energy-burning organ to an energy-storing one.

🟡 Lean muscle has more type I oxidative fibers, which are dense with mitochondria and glucose transporters. These fibers efficiently oxidize fat and glucose, maintaining insulin sensitivity and steady energy output.

🟡 Obese muscle contains fewer oxidative fibers and more type II glycolytic fibers, which tire quickly and accumulate fat droplets within the tissue. Mitochondrial content is lower, GLUT4 expression declines, and overall fuel utilization becomes inefficient.

🟡 This imbalance creates a ripple effect; less glucose uptake, impaired fat oxidation, reduced insulin sensitivity, and higher risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease.

The bigger picture:
Skeletal muscle is one of the body’s most powerful metabolic regulators. Its cellular composition reflects lifestyle, nutrition, and physical activity. Exercise reverses these changes by increasing oxidative fiber content and mitochondrial density, transforming muscle back into a metabolic engine that supports long-term health.

Citation:
Serrano, N., Hyatt, J. P. K., Houmard, J. A., Murgia, M., & Katsanos, C. S. (2023). Muscle fiber phenotype: a culprit of abnormal metabolism and function in skeletal muscle of humans with obesity. American Journal of Physiology – Endocrinology and Metabolism, 325(6), E545–E556.

[Niout @Niout8]

Aujourd’hui, je choisis de semer, pas de stocker.
D’accepter le temps, la patience et le risque.

Parce qu’à long terme,

La peur te coûte plus cher que le risque.

🌱

[Niout @Niout8]

En travaillant dans la recherche, j’ai appris à remettre en question ce que je crois savoir.
C’est une habitude : douter, tester, observer.

Et c’est cette même mentalité que j’applique au domaine de l’investissement.

[Niout @Niout8]

Les rats de l’inflation les grignotent,
les oiseaux des taxes/impôts les picorent,
et le renard de la peur te murmure :

“Ne prends pas de risques.”

Mais ne rien planter, c’est déjà prendre un risque.