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Frances Willard averaged 400 speeches per year for a decade straight. No microphones, no social media, no email lists. Just a woman standing before crowds, making the case that sobriety was worth fighting for.
Finland tried Prohibition from 1919 to 1932. Norway tried it for spirits from 1919 to 1926. Canada from 1918 to 1920. The whole industrialized world looked at alcohol and reached the same conclusion America did.
Cirrhosis of the liver is a disease of long-term alcohol exposure. Its death rate declined sharply during Prohibition and rose again after repeal. The pattern is unambiguous. Less alcohol means longer lives.
The WCTU was declared at its national convention in Cleveland, Ohio in November 1874. By 1879, Frances Willard was its president. By 1900, it was operating in 40 countries. That's what a true cause looks like.
Carrie Nation's first husband, Charles Gloyd, died of alcoholism in 1869. She was a young widow with a small child. Every saloon she smashed for the next four decades was the one that took him.
The liquor industry financed campaigns against women's suffrage. They knew that when women voted, women would vote dry. They were right. The 18th and 19th Amendments passed the same year.
@MichaelHauda@billgoldwater The camel represents the Prohibition Party because, like Prohibitionists, camels don't drink very often, and, when they do drink, they drink only water. Originally a dromedary, the symbol later changed to the Bactrian camel in order not to be associated with Camel Cigarettes.
Frances Willard built the WCTU into the largest women's organization in 19th-century America. She did it with lectures, letters, and sheer relentless will. 766,000 dues-paying members at peak. That's a movement.
Before 1920, the richest Americans stockpiled wine and spirits before Prohibition began. They had the legal right to possess what they'd bought. The wet elite never actually gave up alcohol. They just made it a class privilege.
Andrew Volstead was a quiet, determined Minnesota Republican who saw in the 18th Amendment the opportunity to give the dry movement real legal teeth. The Volstead Act defined what the amendment meant. It was precise.