🚨 UPSC Prelims 2025? Revise these Reports & Indices!
(2024–25 Editions – Must Know)
1 Human Development Report – UNDP
2 Global Climate Risk Index – Germanwatch
3 Global Hunger Index – Concern Worldwide
4 World Economic Outlook – IMF
5 World Development Report – World Bank
6 Global Gender Gap Report – WEF
7 Global Innovation Index – WIPO
8 Emissions Gap Report – UNEP
9 State of the World’s Children – UNICEF
10 Energy Transition Index – WEF
11 Global Health Security Index – NTI + Johns Hopkins
12 Digital Quality of Life Index – Surfshark
13 Financial Stability Report – RBI
14 State of Food Security Report – FAO + IFAD + WFP
🧠 Tip: Focus on publisher + theme combo. UPSC loves that.
🔁 Save & revise. Could be a direct 2-mark question!
📚 PRESIDENT OF INDIA
From Election & Qualifications to Powers, Emergency Provisions, Veto, Oath & Constitutional Role — everything you need to revise the President in one glance. 📚⚡
🔖Save • Revise • Master Polity
���� Nepal, which has recently suffered from the Rasuwa Flash Flood, is a country defined by geography.
📌 It has three main physio geographical regions: The high Himalayas, the hills and the Terai lowlands.
📌 Each of these regions influence the culture and political economy of the country.
Some people who don't aware of history think that Chittorgarh Jauhar is the first and only jauhar of India but that's not true.
1. Jauhar of Sindh ( 712CE) led by Queen Ladi , wife of King Dahir Sen of Sindh during the invasion of Muhammad bin Qasim, the first Islamic invader , who invaded India .
2. Jauhar of Birsinnghapur, Bengal (1226 CE) , during the invasion of Ghiyasuddin Iwaz Shah.
3. Jauhar of Gwalior (1232CE) , during the invasion of Shamsuddin Iltutmish.
4. First jauhar of Jaisalmer (1299CE) , during the invasion of Allauddin Khilji, 24,000 women committed jauhar.
5. Jauhar of Ranthambore (1301 CE) , during the invasion of Allauddin Khilji, jauhar led by Queen Ranga Devi.
6. First jauhar of Chittorgarh (1303CE) , during the invasion of Allauddin Khilji, jauhar led by Queen Padmavati/ Padmini along with 16,000 women.
7. Jauhar of Siwana ( 1308 CE) , invaded by Allauddin Khilji.
8. Jauhar of Jalore (1311CE) , invaded by emperor of Khilji dynasty, jauhar led by Queens Jaitalde and Kamalade.
9. Second jauhar of Jaisalmer (1326 CE) , invaded by Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
10. Jauhar of Kampili, Karnataka ( 1327CE) , invaded by Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
11. Jauhar of Bhatner (1398CE) , invaded by Islamic invader Timur.
12 . Jauhar of Gagron Fort (1423CE) , invaded by Islamic invader Hoshang Shah.
13. Jauhar of Chanderi (1528CE) , invaded by Mughal emperor Babur, jauhar led by Queen Manimala along with 1600 women.
14. First jauhar of Raisen (1532CE) , invaded by Bahadur Shah, jauhar led by Queen Durgavati along with 700 women.
15. Second jauhar of Chittorgarh (1535CE) , invaded by Bahadur Shah, jauhar led by Queen Karnavati along with 13,000 women.
16. Second jauhar of Raisen (1543CE) , invaded by Sher Shah Suri.
17. Third jauhar of Chittorgarh (1568CE) , invaded by Mughal emperor Akbar, jauhar led by Queen Phool Kanwar.
18. Jauhar of Bundelkhand ( 1634CE) , invaded by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. And many more
@india_plus_ Be budbak ....masla time ka haiye nahi hai...masla e hai ki ...kab se...20 sal,15 sal,2050...etc...kab.....fir abhi khyali baat padh k kouno fayeda nai baa...🙏🏻