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In Lakota cosmology, the journey of the soul after death is intricately connected to celestial features, notably the Big Dipper (Wičhákhiyuhapi) and the Milky Way (Wanági Tačháŋku or “Spirit Road”). Upon death, the spirit embarks on a path along the Milky Way, believed to be the route to the afterlife. At the entrance to this path stands an old woman, Híŋhan Káǧa (“Owl-Maker”), who serves as a gatekeeper. She examines each spirit for the presence of specific tattoos or markings that were traditionally applied during certain rites. Spirits bearing the correct symbols are permitted to continue their journey along the Spirit Road to the land of ancestors, a place of reunion and peace. Those without the proper markings are turned away, destined to wander the earth as restless entities.
The Big Dipper holds significant importance in this spiritual voyage. It is often referred to as Wiċakiyuhapi, meaning “the Stretcher,” symbolizing the carrier that transports the deceased’s spirit. The four stars forming the bowl represent the stretcher itself, while the three stars of the handle are known as Wašíčuŋ, “the Mourners,” who accompany and support the spirit on its journey. This constellation serves as a guiding feature, marking the gateway where spirits transition from the earthly realm to the Spirit Road.
Photo: “A Dream of Wakíŋyaŋ” by Blackhawk ca. 1880
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