Per the Fed Model, when stocks and bonds are correlated and offer similar yields, when bonds reprice, so will equities. That’s the transmission link between rates and equities.
If yields rise to 5%, how much would equities need to derate? Per the scatter plot below, a move in bonds from a 22x “P/E” (4.6%) to a 20x P/E (5%), should push the equity P/E-multiple from its current 22x to 18-19x. That’s approximately a 15% haircut for the S&P 500, at least in terms of valuation. With earnings growing 18%, the price decline would be less, as was the case in March when the Iran conflict was flaring.
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He casually dismisses Taiwan as a "very small island" that is simply too far to defend.
Japan Is Building A Rate Cushion Before The Next Crisis
Japan is not trying to return to deflation. That is the key point.
For 30 years Japan fought stagnant wages, weak demand, falling price expectations, and a monetary system pinned near zero. Now it finally has inflation, wage momentum, and nominal growth. But this is not the clean inflation Japan wanted.
It is energy driven.
It is yen driven.
It is imported.
That changes the entire policy equation.
They Want Inflation But Not A Bond Market Accident
Japan can tolerate moderate inflation because it lifts nominal GDP and helps manage a debt load above 250% of GDP. But oil shock inflation is different.
When crude rises and the yen weakens, Japan imports inflation through food, fuel, utilities, transport, and industrial inputs. That squeezes households before wages fully catch up. It also hits corporate margins and makes bond investors question whether the BOJ is behind the curve.
So Japan’s problem is not simply inflation versus deflation.
It is controlled reflation versus imported stagflation.
They want to escape the zero rate trap, but they cannot let the yen collapse or allow long term JGB yields to reprice disorderly.
The BOJ Is Buying Time
The sharper point is that Japan is not just hiking to fight today’s inflation. It is trying to rebuild policy space before the next downturn.
At a 0.75% policy rate, the BOJ still has very little room to cut if a global recession hits. If they stay near zero forever, they enter the next crisis with almost no conventional ammunition.
So the strategy is becoming clearer.
Raise rates while inflation gives political cover.
Defend the yen before import inflation worsens.
Create a cushion before recession arrives.
Show bond markets Japan is not trapped in fiscal dominance.
That is why a move toward 1.0% matters. It is not only about inflation today. It is about having room to cut tomorrow.
Fiscal Policy Is The Risk
The danger is that fiscal and monetary policy are pulling in opposite directions.
The BOJ is normalizing. The government is still running large budgets and considering more relief for fuel and utility costs. That may help households in the short run, but it also raises questions about debt, issuance, and credibility.
Bond markets care about cash flow.
They care about JGB supply.
They care about whether inflation is lifting real growth or just raising the cost of living.
If fiscal support becomes too broad while the BOJ is tightening, Japan risks a dangerous loop.
Higher deficits.
More JGB supply.
Higher term premium.
More yen weakness.
More imported inflation.
That is the loop policymakers are trying to avoid.
Why This Hits The World
The 10 year JGB near 2.7%, the 30 year above 4%, and the 40 year above 4.2% tell you Japan is no longer the world’s automatic cheap money anchor.
For years, Japanese capital had to go abroad to find yield. That supported U.S. Treasuries, European bonds, emerging market debt, credit, equities, and carry trades.
Now domestic Japanese yields are becoming investable again.
That changes global capital flow math. Japanese insurers, pensions, banks, and households do not need to chase foreign yield as aggressively. Even if they do not dump foreign bonds, reduced buying at the margin tightens global liquidity.
Less Japanese capital leaving home means more pressure on U.S. duration, more pressure on European bonds, more pressure on carry trades, and less hidden support under risk assets.
My Take
Japan is using energy driven inflation as cover to escape zero rates and rebuild a cushion before the next downturn.
But the tradeoff is brutal.
Move too slowly and the yen weakens. Move too fast and they risk crushing demand, exporters, and the carry trade.
So Japan likely chooses controlled tightening, targeted relief, bond support only in disorder, and FX intervention if the yen breaks.
The old Japan exported cheap money.
The new Japan may pull it back home.
The Bond Market Is Testing The Fed Put
The 2 year Treasury chart is the Fed path chart. It shows what the market thinks policy will look like over the next several quarters. The breakout back above 4% matters because investors spent months assuming rate cuts would eventually rescue the cycle. That assumption is now being challenged.
In a clean recession scare, the 2 year usually falls because the market prices easier policy. This chart is saying the Fed may not have that freedom yet. Oil, sticky inflation, fiscal deficits, and still firm nominal data are keeping the front end tighter than a normal slowdown would suggest.
The Long End Is The Bigger Warning
The 30 year is not just about the Fed. It is about term premium, fiscal credibility, Treasury supply, inflation uncertainty, and foreign demand.
A long bond above 5% means investors want more compensation to hold U.S. debt for decades. That hits mortgages, commercial real estate, bank balance sheets, corporate refinancing, equity valuations, and government interest expense.
The 2 year says policy may stay tight.
The 30 year says the market is questioning the cost of funding the system itself.
The Energy Shock Bridge
The missing bridge is demand destruction.
High energy prices are inflationary at first, but if they stay high long enough, they become deflationary through the real economy. Oil above $100 acts like a tax on consumers and businesses. It raises gasoline, diesel, trucking, food distribution, utilities, chemicals, plastics, and industrial input costs.
At first, CPI rises and the Fed stays trapped. Then households cut spending, businesses lose margin, freight slows, credit stress rises, and demand starts breaking.
If that demand destruction becomes global, the regime changes again. Europe imports less. China exports less because foreign buyers weaken. Emerging markets get hit through food, fuel, FX, and dollar debt. Japan gets squeezed by energy imports and weaker external demand. The U.S. consumer pulls back. Inventories build. Margins compress. Then layoffs and credit losses catch up.
That is why falling oil later would not prove the shock was harmless.
It may mean the shock finally reached demand.
The Signal
The dangerous part is that both ends of the curve are rising while the economy is already showing late cycle cracks.
If yields were rising because growth was booming, equities could handle it better. But if yields are rising because inflation, energy costs, debt supply, and fiscal credibility are trapping the Fed while growth weakens, that is a very different setup.
This is where the late 1960s and 1970s matter. Recessions did not instantly bring bond market relief because inflation psychology and oil shocks were embedded. Growth weakened, stocks fell, and yields stayed high because the market did not trust the inflation backdrop.
The early phase looks inflationary.
The late phase becomes deflationary.
The damage happens in between.
My Take
The 2 year is saying the Fed may not be able to cut as fast as the market wants. The 30 year is saying investors want more compensation to hold long duration U.S. debt.
If global demand destruction becomes undeniable, the 2 year should eventually roll over as markets price cuts. The 10 year likely catches a bid too if recession risk overwhelms inflation fear. The 30 year is harder. It only rallies cleanly if inflation expectations and fiscal fears calm down.
That is the signal.
The bond market is not just pricing inflation. It is pricing the possibility that the usual rescue mechanism is delayed, constrained, or no longer fully trusted.
The Fed won’t cut rates until the bond market gives them permission.
That probably means they need enough demand destruction to cool oil, soften inflation expectations, and bring buyers back into long duration Treasuries.
If they cut while the 30 year is clearing above 5%, the market may read it as surrender, demand even more term premium, and push borrowing costs higher anyway. They may tolerate economic pain longer than people expect because a growth scare solves several problems at once. It weakens commodities, strengthens the Treasury bid, stabilizes the dollar funding system, and gives the Fed cover to cut without looking like it lost control of inflation.
They are not waiting for the economy to be fine. They are waiting for the pain to become politically and financially useful.