That water clarity is an engineering decision, and the math behind it is wilder than the video.
Roman aqueducts ran on gravity alone. No pumps, no pressure systems. Engineers carved channels with a gradient so shallow it borders on absurd. The Pont du Gard in southern France drops 2.5 centimeters over 275 meters. That's roughly the thickness of a coin over the length of three football fields. They surveyed that accuracy with plumb lines and wooden leveling instruments.
The clarity you're seeing is a direct product of flow velocity. Too steep and the water erodes the channel walls, picks up sediment, turns brown. Too flat and it stagnates. Roman engineers targeted a slope of about 20 centimeters per kilometer, which kept the water moving fast enough to stay fresh but slow enough to stay clear. Before the water reached the city, it passed through multi-chamber settling tanks where velocity dropped near zero. Suspended particles sank. Clean water flowed out the top into the next chamber. Repeat three or four times.
Pliny specified the minimum slope in writing. Vitruvius published the exact mortar ratio for hydraulic cement: one part lime to two parts volcanic ash for underwater work. The pozzolana from Pozzuoli reacted with water to form a calcium-aluminum-silicate compound that actually gets stronger the longer it sits submerged. Modern concrete degrades in water. Roman concrete bonds with it.
Scale the whole system and it gets harder to process. Eleven aqueducts fed Rome at its peak. Combined output: roughly 1 million cubic meters of water per day. That works out to about 250 gallons per person for a city of one million. Modern New York delivers about 125 gallons per person per day. Ancient Rome had access to double the per capita water supply of the largest city in the United States, running entirely on slope and stone.
The Trevi Fountain in Rome is still fed by one of them. Two thousand years, same source, same gravity, same water.
@HowThingWork Don't forget to mention the NICO that appears in 90% of the patients after years after extraction of the wisdom teeth. Reason, not all doctors know how to clean the empty spots properly and give the right nutrition or insert blood plasma.
“… time regulates price opportunity…” – Dalton
Everything TPO (time price opportunity)-
a detailed thread
> what are the tetris looking charts?
> why use time-based distributions?
> anomalies - what they mean and potential use
> composites
etc.
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In 1972, Steve Jobs walked in on his girlfriend sleeping with a guy.
Steve became friends with him.
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Here’s the philosophy: 🧵
4/
➔ 1) Bitcoin 4-yr cycle history:
If you want to make money in crypto, understand this one thing:
Pre-halving year (2015, 2019, 2023): Hold BTC and USD.
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This 70-year-old politician's weird anti-aging protocols makes him more jacked than 95% of 20 yrs olds.
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Burry shockingly sold out of all his Gold
He is now heavily bullish on the consumer, strength of the dollar, China, and the US Job Market
We think we have a good reason why he changed his mind on the US economy…
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This man changed the game:
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Elon Musk fired 80% of Twitter (6500 people) and everyone thought that Twitter was doomed.
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[ON-CHAIN MILLIONAIRES]
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Over the past 3 years, I've watched over 10,000 videos
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Everyone thinks the best cities for young entrepreneurs are:
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