When planning Do-IMRT, maintaining strict dose constraints for the larynx is critical to preserving swallowing function:
The recommended mean dose constraint (Dmean) for both the glottic larynx and supraglottic larynx is < 40 Gy
During contouring of parotid gland for head n neck irradiation, the mandatory inclusion of the retromandibular vein , external carotid artery, facial nerve
"Deep Diver or Just More Bites? The Truth Behind 'Bite-on-Bite' Biopsy," comparing the effectiveness and risks of bite-on-bite biopsy versus EUS-FNB in esophageal surveillance and subepithelial lesion (SEL) sampling.
wo different gliomas. Two entirely different clinical trajectories. 🧬
This excellent breakdown highlights the fundamental differences between IDH-mutant Astrocytomas and Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytomas (PXA) under the 2021 WHO Classification.
“In orbital lymphoma, the goal is no longer just tumor control — it is tumor control with vision preservation.”
Precision ISRT, MRI-guided contouring, and modern IMRT/VMAT are redefining eye-sparing radiotherapy in ocular adnexal lymphoma.
Child–Pugh labels removed… but liver risk still matters.
One subtle but important change in the NCCN HCC systemic therapy table is easy to miss:
In NCCN HCC v1.2023, systemic therapy options were visibly annotated with Child–Pugh wording such as “A only,” “A or B7,” and “B only.
EBV-associated smooth muscle tumor
12yo F s/p allogenic BMT with 2 cm intra-abdominal mass
Occurs in 3 main settings:
- HIV/AIDS immunodeficiency: CNS predilection
- Post solid organ/stem cell transplant immunodeficiency: liver, lung, GI tract most common
- Congenital/primary immunodeficiency
🔬 Spindled cells, ample eosinophilic cytoplasm, intersecting fascicles. Mild–moderate nuclear atypia (can be marked); HIV cases often ↑ mitoses ± necrosis. Common intratumoral T-cell infiltrate.
IHC: + desmin, h-caldesmon, SMA, EBER
Tip: In immunosuppressed patients with smooth muscle neoplasm → consider EBV-SMT & order EBER ISH
Dr. Lauer - Tips & Hints in Surgical Pathology #USCAP #pathology #PathX