UnderStand UPSC

From U → US → UPSC 🇮🇳
What we Understand, We Conquer.

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#Marine Fisheries in India

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Who among the following wrote Harshacharita?
A. Kalhana
B. Banabhatta
C. Bilhana
D. Kalidasa

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#UPSC Mains Fact Sheet

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GS-I

Geography

India's coastline: 11,098.81 km
States: 28
Union Territories: 8
Physiographic Divisions: 6
Biogeographic Zones: 11
Biotic Provinces: 16
Biodiversity Hotspots covering India: 4

Society

Sex Ratio (NFHS-5): 1,020 females per 1,000 males
Total Fertility Rate (NFHS-5): 2.0
Female Labour Force Participation Rate (PLFS 2023–24): 41.7%
Working-age population (15–64 years): ~68%

GS-II

Constitution & Governance

Scheduled Languages: 22

Fundamental Rights: 6
Fundamental Duties: 11
Constitutional Amendments: 106
Panchayati Raj: 73rd Constitutional Amendment
Urban Local Bodies: 74th Constitutional Amendment

Health

Doctor-population ratio: ~1:811 (allopathic + AYUSH + nurses)
Largest public health insurance programme: Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY

Education

NEP target (School GER): 100% by 2030

NEP target (Higher Education GER): 50% by 2035
GS-III

Economy

Agriculture contributes ~16–18% of GDP

Agriculture employs ~46% of the workforce

MSMEs contribute:
~30% of GDP
~36% of manufacturing output
~45% of exports

Environment

Forest & Tree Cover: 25.17% of India's geographical area (ISFR 2023).
Forest Cover: 21.76%
Tree Cover: 3.41%
National Parks: 106
Tiger Reserves: 59
Biosphere Reserves: 18
UNESCO Biosphere Reserves: 12
Elephant Reserves: 33
Ramsar Sites: 99 (April 2026).

Disaster Management

Earthquake-prone area: 58.6% of landmass
Flood-prone area: ~12%
Drought-prone cultivable area: ~68%

Science & Technology

India became the 4th country to achieve a successful soft landing on the Moon.

Net Zero target: 2070
Non-fossil electricity capacity target: 500 GW by 2030

GS-IV
Committees

Second Administrative Reforms Commission (2nd ARC) – Ethics in Governance
Nolan Committee – Seven Principles of Public Life
Hota Committee – Civil Services Reforms

Universal Value Addition
World's largest democracy.
World's most populous country.
SDG target year: 2030.
Net Zero target: 2070.

Some facts like National parks, Ramsar sites may change with time.

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#Mains Timetable 2026

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Important Books & Authors for #UPSC:

Arthashastra — Kautilya (Chanakya)
Indica — Megasthenes
Rajatarangini — Kalhana
Harshacharita — Banabhatta
Kadambari — Banabhatta
Buddhacharita — Ashvaghosha
Mudrarakshasa — Vishakhadatta
Mrichchhakatika — Shudraka
Abhijnana Shakuntalam — Kalidasa
Malavikagnimitram — Kalidasa
Raghuvamsa — Kalidasa
Ashtadhyayi — Panini
Mahabhashya — Patanjali
Gita Govinda — Jayadeva
Kitab-ul-Hind (Tahqiq-i-Hind) — Al-Biruni
Tuzuk-i-Baburi (Baburnama) — Babur
Humayun Nama — Gulbadan Begum
Akbarnama — Abul Fazl
Ain-i-Akbari — Abul Fazl
Padmavat — Malik Muhammad Jayasi
Siyar-ul-Mutakhkherin — Ghulam Husain Khan

Modern India (very important):

Poverty and Un-British Rule in India — Dadabhai Naoroji
The Indian Struggle — Subhas Chandra Bose
India Wins Freedom — Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Discovery of India — Jawaharlal Nehru
Glimpses of World History — Jawaharlal Nehru
Hind Swaraj — Mahatma Gandhi
Annihilation of Caste — B. R. Ambedkar
The Problem of the Rupee — B. R. Ambedkar
Ghulamgiri — Jyotirao Phule
Satyarth Prakash — Dayanand Saraswati

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National Food Security Act in News

Solve this PYQ 👇

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Today’s #PIB analysis.

Comment which content you want from “US”

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Remember 🚨

India follows a managed floating exchange rate system.

The value of the rupee is mainly decided by market forces (demand & supply of foreign exchange), but the RBI intervenes to reduce excessive volatility.

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#India energy security.
One pager for Mains.
Save and share to all aspirants.

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Start your morning with some easy questions👇

Q. With reference to the history of ancient India, who among the following was the founder of the Maurya Empire?

A) Ashoka
B) Chandragupta Maurya
C) Bindusara
D) Bimbisara

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What is the right to be forgotten?

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Very important question 🚨

#UPSC #constitution #polity

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Today’s #PIB analysis for #UPSC

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#UPSC Mains 2026 aspirants you have got this. Phase between Prelims and Mains can be frustrating, but please keep on going.

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https://t.co/Ychb47ztue

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The idea of “Procedure Established by Law” in the Indian Constitution was borrowed from Japan, while “Due Process of Law” is followed in the USA.

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Q. Who is known as the guardian of the Constitution of India?
A) Parliament
B) President
C) Supreme Court
D) Prime Minister

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Get your hands on #GS3 Concise Handwritten Short Notes comprehensive, Mains-focused, and designed for last-minute #UPSC #Mains revision in just 150 pages.

Available FREE for the first 100 Aspirants.
Link below 👇