In 1620s, Sengge Namgyal invaded Guge and conquered it when complaints reached to him over christian missionary activity in the kingdom. That extended the territory of his kingdom till Mayum La. Between 1638 and 1642, there were frequent border clashes with the next kingdom in line - Tsangpa. Around 1640-41, he invaded Tsangpa, advanced till its capital Shigatse, imposed peace and returned back. The borders, clearly, are further than Mayum La - the next natural border being the crossing on Brahmaputra on the current G219. That's the border we are talking about. Sengge Namgyal's campaigns and subsequent Mongol attacks led to the collapse of Tsangpa and the rise of Dalai Lamas as a political force.
Now, there are two ways to look at Indian claims over this -
1. Mughals invaded Leh in 1637 and forced Sengge Namgyal to sue for peace. Not just that, he was to convert to Islam(which he, anyways didn't bother to do) and be a formal vassal. As a by product, whatever he did in Tibet after that was as a de jure Mughal vaasal and not an independent king. And whatever he did before anyways became a Mughal vassalage. Further more, Deldan Namgyal was actually a formal vaasal and he ruled over all of his father's claims. He would even get Khutba read in Aurangzeb's name and mint coins under his family's Muslim title Aqibat Muhammad Khan.
2. 1684 saw the eventual Tibetan counter attack and Mughal-Ladakhi troops stopped the invaders near Stok. A new treaty was signed declaring Guge is a part of Tibet. Now, the catch. When the Dogras annexed Ladakh, the theatre commander Zorawar Singh rejected the 1684 unequal treaty and tried to undo it but failed. While the Dogras were coerced to accept the 1684 borders, they never accepted it. Even Maharaja Hari Singh signed his accession into India as Tibbetadi Deshadhipati. Meaning India, as a successor of Ladakh and Dogras has formal claims as defined in the 1642 Agreement.
Note: Chitral is also a de jure part of India as formal vassal of Jammu as like Hunza and Nagar, and the same was asserted as late as 1942-43. Its a different topic altogether.
TLDR: Indian claims over half of Tibet are more solid than the absurd claims China has on Arunachal Pradesh.
Updates: It looks like Tsangpa paid tribute to Ladakh before it was conquered. That would mean Indian claims don't extent not just to Ngari-Purig but the whole of Utsang as well - the whole of Tibet till Chamdo including Lhasa and the Chinese claims over Arunachal.
https://t.co/Y2CwWJxGz4
Hindu women were RAPED, forced to convert to Islam, and compelled to eat meat by Muslim men. All this showcases religiously motivated sexual violence.
But Chinmayi Sripada is trying to reduce it to mere ‘sexual crimes.’
STFU, YOU ANTI-HINDU SCUM!!
Today, India takes a defining step in its civil nuclear journey, advancing the second stage of its nuclear programme.
The indigenously designed and built Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor at Kalpakkam has attained criticality.
This advanced reactor, capable of producing more fuel than it consumes, reflects the depth of our scientific capability and the strength of our engineering enterprise. It is a decisive step towards harnessing our vast thorium reserves in the third stage of the programme.
A proud moment for India. Congratulations to our scientists and engineers.
Dear Indian State,
Hindu temples are not secular institutions. Animal sacrifice is an essential part of Shakta Hindu traditions, & stopping it violates our religious freedom.
Interfering in Hindu temples is not secularism, it is institutionalised prejudice against Hindus.
Śubha Mahāśivarātri 🙏❤️
When Lord Vishnu and Brahma were contending over supremacy, the Infinite did not argue, it manifested as Bhagavana Mahādeva in the boundless revelation of Liṅgodbhava, the Supreme Parabrahman beyond origin and end.
The problem with these Ambedkarites is that they treat Buddhism as the most “egalitarian” faith without actually reading the history of misogyny, caste hierarchy, and violence that Buddhists have perpetrated against non-Buddhists, lower castes, and women.
@jijnasu777 Agamas/ Tantras are śruti just as the Vedas are. Even orthodox authorities like Kulluka Bhaṭṭa, in his Manusmṛti Bhāṣya, acknowledge that śruti is of two kinds: Vaidika and Tāntrika.
Yes, Śaivas, Śāktas, and Vaiṣṇavas can and do show respect to Shankaracharyas. That is how traditions should ideally relate to each other.
But showing respect does not mean accepting someone as 'doctrinal authority' over Hinduism as a whole.
How hard is that to understand?
@MonaADhar The hathigimpha inscription of kharvela also uses the term “bharat-varsh” for the geographical location,along with Aryavart and uttarapatha.
🧵 Traditional divisions of India.
According to"Kavyamimansa" of Rajashekhara (900 AD) & "Bhuvanakosha section" of the Puranas, India was divided into "5 divisions":
1) Madhyadesha (Central India)
2) Uttarapatha/ Udichya (Northern India)
3) Prachya (Eastern India)
4) Dakshinapatha (South India)
5) Aparanta (Western India)
I had no option but to write this open letter to the Hon’ble Prime Minister, @narendramodi ji.
My scheduled session on my new book, Babur: The Quest for Hindustan, at the @bhopal_lit_fest 2026 was cancelled after the newspaper Swadesh published false and defamatory reports alleging that I intended to glorify Babur. These unfounded claims triggered threats from certain so-called Hindu organizations, including calls to burn my book and vandalize bookstore.
What is even more disturbing is that the Culture Minister of Madhya Pradesh, Shri Dharmendra Singh Lodhi, publicly condemned the session without reading even a single page of the book. This raises serious concerns about the functioning and intellectual integrity of the Culture Ministry of Madhya Pradesh, where literary works are being judged without being read. Equally troubling was the response of Shri Vikas Dave, Director, @sahityaakademi, Madhya Pradesh, who also criticized the book and the session without any familiarity with its contents. It is deeply ironic that the head of a premier literary institution would pass judgment on a book without reading it.
I openly challenge all those who objected to the session; including the individuals mentioned above and officials from the Office of the @CMMadhyaPradesh ; to point out even a single page from my book where Babur is glorified. On the contrary, this work has previously been criticised by sections of the Left for being critical of Babur.
The proposed session was intended to discuss the so-called “Bhopal Wasiyatnama,” a nineteenth-century forgery falsely presented as Babur’s will to portray him as tolerant towards Hindus. By cancelling the session, these self-proclaimed guardians of the cause destroyed an opportunity to expose a major Marxist fabrication at the very place of its origin; Bhopal. Had they genuinely cared for historical truth, they would have challenged this forged document long ago. Instead, in the name of safeguarding sentiment, they actively sabotaged an effort rooted in scholarship.
This book is also among the very few works that conclusively demonstrates, through primary sources, that the Timurids; incorrectly referred to as “Mughals”; never considered Hindustan their homeland and consistently viewed Samarkand as their true center.
Regrettably, all this transpired due to a profound lack of education and intellectual rigor, shockingly reflected even in constitutional and institutional positions such as the Culture Minister and the Director of the Sahitya Akademi.
Beginning with the false reporting by Swadesh, I was systematically defamed through allegations that I never made. This episode exposes the alarming state of our public engagement with history.
Prime Minister Sir, I am not disheartened merely because my session could not take place; I have long been accustomed to criticism and hostility from the Left. What pains me is that those who claim to oppose Babur do not even recognize the scholars who are equipping them with intellectual tools for that very debate.
I sincerely hope that you will take note of this matter and ensure that individuals who dedicate their lives to the study of history and civilization; often while pursuing demanding professions alongside, as I do in architecture; are not obstructed by those who contribute little beyond noise and disruption, and who create barriers instead of advancing the cause they claim to defend.
CC: @AmitShah@dpradhanbjp@PMOIndia@RSSorg@blsanthosh
–1683 CE–
The year when Mughal emperor Aurangzeb launched a 2 prolonged invasion of the Maratha state.
The aim- to completely subdue the Marathas once and for all, & eliminate Chh. Sambhaji himself.
Wanna know how the Marathas braved against the storm?
https://t.co/b4z2FiD7pK
@viprabuddhi If one digs out the history of South East Asia,in the end phase of khmer a lot of hindu shrines were converted to Buddhist ones,lots of sculptures were tempered.